ABSTRACT

FLORA OF VIETNAM 20 LAURACEAE Juss. 

(2 subfamilies, 5 tribes, 6 subtribes, 21 genera, 273 species, 32 varieties and 2 forma)

INTRODUCTION

The family Lauraceae Juss. is comprised of about 52 genera and probably between 2500-3500 species (Rohwen 1993) distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. In Vietnam, the family is represented by about 21 genera, 273 species, 32 varieties and 2 forma, distributed from North to South Vietnam.

The Lauraceae are important both for science and economics.

Publications: The taxonomy of Lauraceae was published in 1753 by C. Linnaeus. Thereafter, many authors such as A. J. Jussieu (1789), E. Nees (1836), C. F. Meissner (1864), H. E. Baillon (1870), G. Bentham & J. D. Hooker (1880-1886), C. Mez (1889), F. Pax (1891), J. Hutchinson (1964), A. J. G. H. Kostermans (1957-1993) contributed significantly to the taxonomy of Lauraceae. In Vietnam, some foreigner authors such as J. Loureiro (1790), H. Lecomte (1913, 1914), H. Liou (1932-1934), also worked on Lauraceae. Some importatnt Vietnamese contributors to the taxonomy of Lauraceae are Le Kha Ke (1971), Pham Hoang Ho (1970, 1991, 1999), Nguyen Kim Dao (2003), etc.

Besides, there are some publication available on the uses of Lauraceae members in Vietnam viz. Do Tat Loi (1977, 1995); Vo Van Chi (1991, 1996, 1997); Do Huy Bich & Bui Xuan Chuong (1980); Do Huy Bich & al. (1993, 1994, 1999, 2004), etc.

In countries adjacent to Vietnam, the taxonomy of Lauraceae was studied by C. K. Allen (in China; 1937, 1938, 1939, 1941), A. J. G. H. Kostermans (in East Sud Asia; 1973, 1974, 1988), etc.

Flora of Vietnam volume 20 – Lauraceae Juss. will be a publication on the taxonomy of Lauraceae in Vietnam. The information provided here has been collected during decades of research, investigation, collection of specimens throughout different regions in Vietnam, specially in those having suitable habitats. Moreover, herbarium specimens kept in several herbaria such as herbarium of Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Hanoi, Vietnam (HN); Forest Inventory and Planning Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam (HNF); Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam (HNU); Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam (HNPI); National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hanoi, Vietnam (HNPM); Institute of Tropical Biology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (HM); Botanical Institute Komarov, St. Peterbourgh, USSR (LE); Kunming Botanical Institute, Academia Sinica, Kunming, Yunnan, China (KUN); Institute of Guangxi Botany, Guangxi, China (IBK); Institute of Botany, Academia, Peijning (Peking), China (PE), etc.

This book has 700 pages, including: Introduction on the morphology of Lauraceae in Vietnam, taxonomic publications, system of classification followed for Lauraceae in Vietnam, keys to the genera, species, subspecies and varieties. Accepted Latin names and Vietnamese names, description, synonyms, morphology, type details, biology and habitat information, distribution in Vietnam and other countries, specimen examined, uses, notes (if any) are given for all species. In addition, 292 figures and 53 photo, index of Latin names, index of Vietnamese names, references are provided.

In this book, we have used information collected by some other authors such as drawings, picture, etc. with proper acknowledgements. Following is the species list of Lauraceae in Vietnam.

I. CHECKLIST OF THE TAXA IN FAMILY LAURACEAE Juss. IN VIETNAM

(2 subfam., 5 trib., 6 subtrib., 21 gen., 273 sp., 32 var. and 2 form.)

Subfam.1. LAUROIDEAE (4 trib., 6 subtrib., 20 gen., 271 sp., 32 var. and 2 form.)

Trib.1. PERSEAE Mez. (2 subtrib., 10 gen., 101 sp., 6 var.)

Subtrib.1. PERSEINEAE (6 gen., 59 sp., 3 var.)

1. PERSEA Mill. (1 sp.)

1.1. Persea americana Mill. (fig. 4, photo 1)

2. ALSEODAPHNE Nees (11 sp.)

2.1. Alseodaphne tonkinensis Liou (fig. 5)

2.2. Alseodaphne hainanensis Merr. (fig. 6, photo 3)

2.3. Alseodaphne utilis Kosterm. (fig. 7, photo 4)

2.4. Alseodaphne rugosa Merr. & Chun (fig. 8)

2.5. Alseodaphne rhododendropsis Kosterm. (fig. 9)

2.6. Alseodaphne glaucina (A. Chev. ex Liou) Kosterm. (fig. 10)

2.7. Alseodaphne suboppositifolia Koterm.

2.8. Alseodaphne andersonii (King ex Hook. f.) Kosterm. (fig. 11)

2.9. Alseodaphne petiolaris (Meisn.) Hook. f. (fig. 12)

2.10. Alseodaphne lanuginosa Kosterm. (fig. 13)

2.11. Alseodaphne velutina A. Chev. (apud. Phamh.). (fig. 14)

3. NOTHAPHOEBE Blume (4 sp., 1 var.)

3.1. Nothaphoebe condensata Ridl. (fig. 15)

3.2. Nothaphoebe kingiana Gamble

3.2a. Nothaphoebe kingiana var. glabrescens Gamble

3.3. Nothaphoebe umbelliflora (Blume) Blume (fig. 16)

3.4. Nothaphoebe annamensis A. Chev. ex Liou

4. CARYODAPHNOPSIS Airy-Shaw (6 sp.)

4.1. Caryodaphnopsis quanbaensis van der Werff & Kim Dao sp. nov. (fig. 17)

4.2. Caryodaphnopsis baviensis (Lecomte) Airy-Shaw (fig. 18)

4.3. Caryodaphnopsis bilocellata Henk van der Werff & Kim Dao (fig. 19, photo 2)

4.4. Caryodaphnopsis metallica Kosterm. (fig. 20)

4.5. Caryodaphnopsis tonkinensis (Lecomte) Airy-Shaw (fig. 21, photo 5)

4.6. Caryodaphnopsis poilanei Kosterm. (fig. 22)

5. MACHILUS Rumph. ex Nees (23 sp., 2 var.)

5.1. Machilus velutina Champ. ex Benth. (fig. 23)

5.2. Machilus oreophila Hance (fig. 24)

5.3. Machilus platycarpa Chun (fig. 25, photo 6)

5.4. Machilus cicatricosa S. Lee (fig. 26)

5.5. Machilus balansae (Airy Shaw) F. N. Wei & S. C. Tang (fig. 27)

5.6. Machilus gamblei King ex Hook. f. (fig. 28, photo 7)

5.7. Machilus cavaleriei Lévl. (fig. 29)

5.8. Machilus grandibracteata S. K. Lee & F. N. Wei (fig. 30)

5.9. Machilus bonii Lecomte (fig. 31, photo 8)

5.10. Machilus grandifolia S. Lee & F. N. Wei (fig. 32)

5.11. Machilus cochinchinensis Lecomte (fig. 33)

5.12. Machilus salicina Hance (fig. 34, photo 9)

5.13. Machilus yunnanensis Lecomte

5.14. Machilus lohuiensis S. K. Lee (fig. 35, photo 10)

5.15. Machilus robusta W. W. Smith (fig. 36)

5.16. Machilus odoratissima Nees (fig. 37, photo 11)

5. 16a. Machilus odoratissima var. glabrata Blume

5.17. Machilus kurzii King ex Hook. f.

5.18. Machilus coriacea A. Chev. (fig. 38)

5.19. Machilus thunbergii Sieb. & Zucc. (fig. 39)

5.19a. Machilus thunbergii var. condorrensis Lecomte

5.20. Machilus chinensis (Champ. ex Benth.) Hemsl. (fig. 40)

5.21. Machilus parviflora Meisn. (fig. 41)

5.22. Machilus ichangensis Rehd. & Wils. (fig. 42)

5.23. Machilus leptophylla Hand.-Mazz. (fig. 43)

6. PHOEBE Nees (14 sp.)

6.1. Phoebe chinensis Chun (fig. 44)

6.2. Phoebe kunstleri Gamble (fig. 45)

6.3. Phoebe pallida (Nees) Nees (fig. 46)

6.4. Phoebe petelotii Kosterm. (fide Phamh. 1999). (fig. 47)

6.5. Phoebe sheareri (Hemsl.) Gambl. (fig. 48)

6.6. Phoebe macrocarpa C. Y. Wu (fig. 49)

6.7. Phoebe cuneata Blume (fig. 50)

6.8. Phoebe tavoyana (Meisn.) Hook. f. (fig. 51, photo 12)

6.9. Phoebe hungmaoensis S. Lee (fig. 52)

6.10. Phoebe attenuata (Wall. ex Nees) Nees (fig. 53)

6.11. Phoebe paniculata (Wall. ex Nees) Nees (fig. 54)

6.12. Phoebe angustifolia Meisn. (fig. 55, photo 13)

6.13. Phoebe lanceolata (Wall. ex Nees) Nees (fig. 56)

6.14. Phoebe yaiensis S. Lee (fig. 57)

Subtrib.2. BEILSCHMIEDIINEAE Kosterm. (4 gen., 42 sp., 3 var.)

7. BEILSCHMIEDIA Nees (28 sp., 1 var.)

7.1. Beilschmiedia robersonii Gamble (fig. 58)

7.2. Beilschmiedia vidalii Kosterm. (fig. 59)

7.3. Beilschmiedia pergamentacea Allen (fig. 60)

7.4. Beilschmiedia macrocarpa A. Chev. ex Liou

7.5. Beilschmiedia percoriacea Allen (fig. 61, photo 14)

7.6. Beilschmiedia balansae Lecomte (fig. 62)

7.6a. Beilschmiedia balansae var. multicarpa Liou (fig. 63)

7.7. Beilschmiedia intermedia Allen (fig. 64)

7.8. Beilschmiedia fordii Dunn. (fig. 65)

7.9. Beilschmiedia brevipetiolata (Liou Ho) Kosterm. (fig. 66, photo 15)

7.10. Beilschmiedia longepetiolata Allen (fig. 67)

7.11. Beilschmiedia tsangii Merr. (fig. 68, photo 16)

7.12. Beilschmiedia erythrophloia Hayata (fig. 69)

7.13. Beilschmiedia ferruginea Liou (fig. 70)

7.14. Beilschmiedia novae-britanniae Kosterm. (fig. 71)

7.15. Beilschmiedia robusta Allen (fig. 72)

7.16. Beilschmiedia roxburghiana Nees (fig. 73)

7.17. Beilschmiedia sphaerocarpa Lecomte (fig. 74)

7.18. Beilschmiedia wangii Allen (fig. 75)

7.19. Beilschmiedia obovalifoliosa Lecomte (fig. 76)

7.20. Beilschmiedia glauca S. N. Lee & L. Lau (fig. 77)

7.21. Beilschmiedia yunnanensis Hu (fig. 78, photo 17)

7.22. Beilschmiedia laevis Allen (fig. 79)

7.23. Beilschmiedia poilanei Liou (fig. 80)

7.24. Beilschmiedia tonkinensis (Lecomte) Ridl. (fig. 81)

7.25. Beilschmiedia micranthopsis Kosterm. (fide Phamh. 1999). (fig. 82)

7.26. Beilschmiedia laotica Kosterm. (fide Phamh. 1999). (fig. 83)

7.27. Beilschmiedia chevalieri Kosterm. (fide Phamh. 1999). (fig. 84)

7.28. Beilschmiedia frondosa Kosterm. (fide Phamh. 1999). (fig. 85)

8. DEHAASIA Blume (9 sp., 2 var.)

8.1. Dehaasia kurzii King ex Hook. f. (fig. 86)

8.2. Dehaasia cuneata (Blume) Blume (fig. 87)

8.2a. Dehaasia cuneata var. tenuipetiolata (Liou) Kosterm. (fig. 88)

8.2b. Dehaasia cuneata var. longifolia (Lecomte) Phamh. (fig. 89)

8.3. Dehaasia incrassata (Jack.) Kosterm. (fig. 90)

8.4. Dehaasia poilanei (Liou) Kosterm. (fig. 91)

8.5. Dehaasia curtisii Gamble (fig. 92, photo 18)

8.6. Dehaasia caesia Blume (fig. 93)

8.7. Dehaasia suborbiculata (Lecomte) Kosterm. (fig. 94)

8.8. Dehaasia annamensis Kosterm. (fig. 95)

8.9. Dehaasia tonkinensis Phamh. (fig. 96)

9. ENDIANDRA R. Br. (4 sp.)

9.1. Endiandra hainanensis Merr. & Metc. ex Allen (fig. 97)

9.2. Endiandra rubescens (Blume) Miq. (fig. 98)

9.3. Endiandra firma (Wall. ex Nees) Hook. f. (fig. 99)

9.4. Endiandra macrophylla Teschn. (fig. 100)

10. POTAMEIA Thouars (1 sp.)

10.1. Potameia chinensis (Allen) Kosterm. (fig. 101)

Trib.2. CINNAMOMEAE Baill. (1 subtrib., 2 gen., 53 sp., 2 var.)

Subtrib.3. CINNAMOMINEAE (2 gen., 53 sp., 2 var.)

11. CINNAMOMUM Shaeffer (49 sp., 2 var.)

11.1. Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl (fig. 102, photo 24)

11.1a. Cinnamomum camphora var. werffii Kim Dao var. nov. (fig. 103, photo 20)

11.2. Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (Jack) C. Nees (fig. 104, photo 19)

11.3. Cinnamomum micranthum (Hayata) Hayata (fig. 105)

11.4. Cinnamomum balansae Lecomte (fig. 106, photo 21)

11.5. Cinnamomum glaucescens (Nees) Drury (fig. 107)

11.6. Cinnamomum illicioides A. Chev. (fig. 108)

11.7. Cinnamomum tenuipile Kosterm. (fig. 109)

11.8. Cinnamomum foveolatum (Merr.) H. W. Li & J. Li. (fig. 110)

11.9. Cinnamomum bonii Lecomte (fig. 111, photo 22)

11.10. Cinnamomum kunstleri Ridl. (fig. 112, photo 23)

11.11. Cinnamomum polyadelphum (Lour.) Kosterm. (fig. 113)

11.12. Cinnamomum tonkinensis (Lecomte) A. Chev. (fig. 114)

11.13. Cinnamomum curvifolium (Lour.) Nees (fig. 115)

11.14. Cinnamomum heyneanum Nees (fig. 116)

11.15. Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & T. Nees) Blume (fig. 117, photo 25)

11.16. Cinnamomum subavenicum Miq. (fig. 118)

11.17. Cinnamomum validinerve Hance (fig. 119)

11.18. Cinnamomum cambodianum Lecomte (fig. 120)

11.19. Cinnamomum rigidissimum H. T. Chang (fig. 121)

11.20. Cinnamomum sericans Hance (fig. 122)

11.21. Cinnamomum cassia (L.) Presl (fig. 123, photo 26)

11.22. Cinnamomum iners Reinw. ex Blume (fig. 124)

11.23. Cinnamomum mairei Lévl. (fig. 125)

11.24. Cinnamomum scortechinii Gamble (fig. 126)

11.25. Cinnamomum doederleinii Engl. (fig. 127)

11.25a. Cinnamomum doederleinii var. raoanensis Kim Dao, var. nov. (fig. 128)

11.26. Cinnamomum subsericeum Kosterm.

11.27. Cinnamomum tsoi Allen (fig. 129)

11.28. Cinnamomum javanicum Blume (fig. 130, photo 27)

11.29. Cinnamomum caryophyllum (Lour.) S. Moore (fig. 131)

11.30. Cinnamomum bejolghota (Buch.-Ham.) Sweet (fig. 132, photo 28)

11.31. Cinnamomum verum Presl (fig. 133)

11.32. Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) T. Nees & Nees (fig. 134)

11.33. Cinnamomum liangii Allen (fig. 135)

11.34. Cinnamomum longipes (I. M. Johnston) Kosterm. (fig. 136)

11.35. Cinnamomum tetragonum A. Chev. (fig. 137)

11.36. Cinnamomum loureirii Nees (fig. 138)

11.37. Cinnamomum subpenninervium Kosterm. (fide Phamh. 1999) (fig. 139)

11.38. Cinnamomum longepetiolatum Kosterm. (fide Phamh. 1999) (fig. 140)

11.39. Cinnamomum inconspiceum Kosterm. (fide Phamh. 1999) (fig. 141)

11.40. Cinnamomum songcaurium (Ham.) Kosterm. (fide Phamh. 1999) (fig. 142)

11.41. Cinnamomum crispalum Kosterm. (fide Phamh. 1999) (fig. 143)

11.42. Cinnamomum durifolium Kosterm. (fide Phamh. 1999) (fig. 144)

11.43. Cinnamomum magnificum Kosterm. (fide Phamh. 1999) (fig. 145)

11.44. Cinnamomum damhaensis Kosterm. (fide Phamh. 1999) (fig. 146)

11.45. Cinnamomum scalarinervum Kosterm. (fide Phamh. 1999) (fig. 147)

11.46. Cinnamomum petelotii Kosterm. (fide Phamh. 1999) (fig. 148)

11.47. Cinnamomum rigidifolium Kosterm. (fide Phamh. 1999) (fig. 149)

11.48. Cinnamomum auricolor Kosterm. (fide Phamh. 1999) (fig. 150)

11.49. Cinnamomum melastomaceum Kosterm. (fide Phamh. 1999) (fig. 151)

12. Neocinnamomum Liou (4 sp.)

12.1. Neocinnamomum huongsonensis Kim Dao, sp. nov. (fig. 152)

12.2. Neocinnamomum lecomtei Liou (fig. 153, photo 29)

12.3. Neocinnamomum caudatum (Nees) Merr. (fig. 154)

12.4. Neocinnamomum delavayi (Lecomte) Liou (fig. 155)

Trib.3. LITSEEAE Mez. (2 subtrib., 7 gen., 95 sp., 23 var., 1 form.)

Subtrib.4. LITSEINEAE (5 gen., 68 sp., 18 var., 1 form.)

13. CINNADENIA Kostem. (1 sp.)

13.1. Cinnadenia paniculata (Hook. f.) Kosterm. (fig. 156)

14. SASSAFRAS Presl. (1 sp.)

14.1. Sassafras tzumu (Hemsl.) Hemsl. (fig. 157)

15. LITSEA Lamk. nom. cons. (38 sp., 15 var., 1 form.)

15.1. Litsea auriculata S. S. Chien & Cheng (fig. 158)

15.2. Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. (fig. 159, photo 30)

15.3a. Litsea rubescens form. tonkinensis Liou (fig. 160)

15.4. Litsea mollis Hemsl (fig. 161, photo 31)

15.5. Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C. B. Robins. (fig. 162, photo 32)

15.6. Litsea dilleniifolia P. Y. Pai & P. H. Huang (fig. 163)

15.7. Litsea verticillata Hance (fig. 164, photo 33)

15.8. Litsea thorelii Lecomte (fig. 165)

15.9. Litsea variabilis Hemsl. (fig. 166, photo 34)

15.9a. Litsea variabilis Hemsl. var. oblonga Lecomte (fig. 167)

15.10. Litsea balansae Lecomte (fig. 168, photo 35)

15.11. Litsea lancifolia (Roxb. ex Nees) Hook. f. ex F. Vill (fig. 169)

15.11a. Litsea lancifolia var. alternifolia Meisn. (fig. 170)

15.12. Litsea umbellata (Lour.) Merr. (fig. 171)

15.13. Litsea monopelata (Roxb.) Pers. (fig. 172, photo 36)

15.14. Litsea rotundifolia (Wall. ex Nees) Hemsl. (fig. 173)

15.14a. Litsea rotundifolia var. oblongifolia (Nees.) Allen (fig. 174)

15.15a. Litsea coreana var. sinensis (Allen) Yang & P. H. Huang (fig. 175)

15.16. Litsea salicifolia (Roxb. ex Nees) Hook. f. (fig. 176)

15.17. Litsea cambodiana Lecomte (fig. 177)

15.17a. Litsea cambodiana var. acutifolia Lecomte (fig. 178)

15.17b. Litsea cambodiana var. longiracemosa Lecomte

15.18. Litsea pseudoelongata Liou (fig. 179)

15.19. Litsea panamonja (Buch.-Ham. ex Nees) Hook. f. (fig. 180)

15.20. Litsea pierrei Lecomte (fig. 181)

15.20a. Litsea pierrei var. grandifolia (Lecomte) Allen (fig. 182)

15.20b. Litsea pierrei var. lobata (Lecomte) Allen (fig. 183)

15.21. Litsea helferi Hook. f. (fig. 184)

15.21a. Litsea helferi var. laosensis Liou

15.22. Litsea brevipes Kosterm. (fide Phamh. 1999). (fig. 185)

15.23. Litsea myristicaefolia Wall. ex Hook. f. (fig. 186)

15.24. Litsea grandifolia Lecomte (fig. 187, photo 37)

15.25. Litsea clemensii Allen (fig. 188)

15.26. Litsea longipes (Meisn.) Hook. f. (fig. 189)

15.27. Litsea lancilimba Merr. (fig. 190)

15.28. Litsea elongata (Wall. ex Nees) Benth. & Hook. f. (fig. 191)

15.28a. Litsea elongata var. cuneifolia Liou

15.29. Litsea baviensis Lecomte (fig. 192)

15.29a. Litsea baviensis var. venulosa Liou (fig. 193, photo 38)

15.30. Litsea ferruginea (Blume) Blume (fig. 194)

15.30a. Litsea ferruginea var. annamensis (Liou) Kim Dao, comb. nov. (fig. 195, photo 39)

15.31. Litsea yunnanensis Y. C. Yang & P. H. Huang (fig. 196)

15.32. Litsea acutivena Hayata (fig. 197)

15.33. Litsea viridis Liou (fig. 198, photo 41)

15.33a. Litsea viridis var. clemensii Liou (fig. 199, photo 40)

15.34. Litsea eugenoides A. Chev. ex Liou (fig. 200)

15.35. Litsea chartacea (Wall. ex Nees) Hook. f. (fig. 201)

15.35a. Litsea chartacea var. subtriplinervis (Liou) Allen

15.36. Litsea mekongensis Lecomte (fig. 202)

15.37. Litsea salmonea A. Chev. (fide Phamh 1999). (fig. 203, photo 42)

15.38. Litsea firma (Blume) Hook. f.

15.38a. Litsea firma var. austrannamensis Liou (fig. 204)

15.39. Litsea citronella Kosterm.

15.40. Litsea laevifolia Kosterm. (fide Phamh. 1999). (fig. 205)

15.41. Litsea robusta Blume (fig. 206)

16. ACTINODAPHNE Nees (10 sp., 1 var.)

16.1. Actinodaphne obovata (Wall. ex Nees) Blume (fig. 207)

16.2. Actinodaphne pilosa (Lour.) Merr. (fig. 208, photo 44)

16.3. Actinodaphne rehderiana (Allen) Kosterm. (fig. 209, photo 43)

16.4. Actinodaphne ellipticibacca Kosterm. (fig. 210)

16.5. Actinodaphne tonkinense Kim Dao, sp. nov. (fig. 211)

16.6. Actinodaphne perlucida Allen (fig. 212)

16.7. Actinodaphne sesquipedalis Hook. f. & Thoms. ex Meisn. (fig. 213)

16.8. Actinodaphne forrestii (Allen) Kosterm. (fig. 214)

16.9. Actinodaphne reticulata Meisn. (fig. 215)

16.9a. Actinodaphne reticulata var. glabra Meisn. (fig. 216)

16.10. Actinodaphne ferruginea Liou (fig. 217)

17. NEOLITSEA (Benth.) Merr. nom. cons. (18 sp., 2 var.)

17.1. Neolitsea wushanica (Chun) Merr. (fig. 218)

17.2. Neolitsea confertifolia (Hemsl.) Merr. (fig. 219)

17.3. Neolitsea angustifolia A. Chev. (fig. 220)

17.4. Neolitsea oblongifolia Merr. & Chun (fig. 221)

17.5. Neolitsea cambodiana Lecomte (fig. 222)

17.6. Neolitsea cuipala (D. Don) Kosterm. (fig. 223)

17.7. Neolitsea polycarpa Liou (fig. 224)

17.8. Neolitsea purpurascens Yen C. Yang (fig. 225)

17.9. Neolitsea elaeocarpa Liou (fig. 226)

17.10. Neolitsea chunii Merr.

17.10a. Neolitsea chunii Merr. var. annamensis Liou (fig. 227, photo 45)

17.11. Neolitsea buisanensis Jam. & Kam. (fig. 228)

17.12. Neolitsea poilanei Liou (fig. 229)

17.13. Neolitsea ellipsoides Allen (fig. 230)

17.14. Neolitsea lanuginosa (Nees) Gamble (fig. 231, photo 46)

17.15. Neolitsea pulchella (Meisn.) Merr. (fig. 232)

17.16. Neolitsea aurata (Hayata) Koid. (fig. 233)

17.16a. Neolitsea aurata var. paraciculata (Nakai) Yang & P. H. Huang

17.17. Neolitsea zeylanica (Nees) Merr. (fig. 234)

17.18. Neolitsea alongensis Lecomte (fig. 235)

Subtrib.5. LAUREINEAE (2 gen., 27 sp., 5 var.)

18. LINDERA Thunb. (26 sp., 5 var.)

18.1. Lindera annamensis Liou (fig. 236)

18.2. Lindera racemosa Lecomte (fig. 237, photo 47)

18.3. Lindera spirei Kosterm. (fide Phamh. 1999). (fig. 238)

18.4. Lindera assamica (Meisn.) Kurz (fig. 239)

18.5. Lindera longistaminata (Liou) Kim Dao, comb. nov. (fig. 240)

18.6. Lindera balansae Lecomte (fig. 241, photo 48)

18.7. Lindera metcalfiana Allen (fig. 242)

18.7a. Lindera metcalfiana var. dictyophylla (Allen) H. P. Tsui (fig. 243)

18.8. Lindera latifolia Hook. f. (fig. 244)

18.9. Lindera gracilipes H. W. Li (fig. 245)

18.10. Lindera meisneri King (fig. 246)

18.10a. Lindera meisneri var. lenticellata Liou (fig. 247)

18.11. Lindera megaphylla Hemsl. (fig. 248)

18.12. Lindera communis Hemsl. (fig. 249)

18.13. Lindera glauca (Sieb. & Zucc.) Blume (fig. 250)

18.14. Lindera nacusua (D. Don) Merr. (fig. 251)

18.15. Lindera sinensis (Blume) Hemsl. (fig. 252)

18.16. Lindera caudata (Wall. ex Nees) Hook. f. (fig. 253, photo 49)

18.17. Lindera spicata Kosterm. (fig. 254)

18.18. Lindera chunii Merr. (fig. 255)

18.19. Lindera aggregata (Sims.) Kosterm. (fig. 256)

18.19a. Lindera aggregata var. playfairii (Hemsl.) H. P. Tsui

18.20. Lindera myrrha (Lour.) Merr. (fig. 257)

18.21. Lindera thomsonii Allen (fig. 258)

18.22. Lindera pulcherrima (Wall.) Benth. (fig. 259)

18.22a. Lindera pulcherrima var. hemsleyana (Diels) H. P. Tsai (fig. 260)

18.22b. Lindera pulcherrima var. attenuata Allen (fig. 261)

18.23. Lindera supracostata Lecomte (fig. 262)

18.24. Lindera tonkinensis Lecomte (fig. 263)

18.25. Lindera rufa (Stapf.) Gamble (fig. 264)

18.26. Lindera fragrans Oliv. (fig. 265)

19. LAURUS L. (1 sp.)

19.1. Laurus nobilis L. (fig. 266)

Trib.4. CRYPTOCARYEAE Meisn. (1 subtrib., 1 gen., 22 sp., 1 var., 1 form.)

Subtrib.6. CRYPTOCARYINEAE (1 gen., 22 sp., 1 var., 1 form.)

20. CRYPTOCARYA R. Br. (22 sp., 1 var., 1 form.)

20.1. Cryptocarya densiflora Blume (fig. 267)

20.2. Cryptocarya chinensis (Hance) Hemsl. (fig. 268)

20.3. Cryptocarya impressa Miq. (fig. 269)

20.3a. Cryptocarya impressa var. tonkinensis Lecomte (fig. 270)

20.4. Cryptocarya caesia Blume (fig. 271)

20.5. Cryptocarya maclurei Merr. (fig. 272)

20.6. Cryptocarya maculata H. W. Li (fig. 273)

20.7. Cryptocarya brachythyrsa H. W. Li (fig. 274)

20.8. Cryptocarya calcicola H. W. Li (fig. 275)

20.9. Cryptocarya laotica (Gagnep.) Kosterm. (fig. 276)

20.10. Cryptocarya ochnacea Lecomte (fig. 277)

20.11. Cryptocarya ferrea Blume (fig. 278, photo 50)

20.12. Cryptocarya annamensis Allen (fig. 279)

20.13. Cryptocarya concinna Hance (fig. 280, photo 51)

20.14. Cryptocarya obovata R. Br. (fig. 281)

20.15. Cryptocarya petelotii Kosterm. (fide Phamh. 1999). (fig. 282)

20.16. Cryptocarya infectoria (Blume) Miq. (fig. 283, photo 53)

20.17. Cryptocarya hainanensis Merr. (fig. 284)

20.17a. Cryptocarya hainanensis form. grandifolia Liou (fig. 285)

20.18. Cryptocarya lenticellata Lecomte (fig. 286)

20.19. Cryptocarya chingii W. C. Cheng (fig. 287)

20.20. Cryptocarya impressinervis H. W. Li (fig. 288)

20.21. Cryptocarya rifaii Kosterm. (fig. 289)

20.22. Cryptocarya metcalfiana Allen (fig. 290)

Subfam.2. CASSYTHOIDEAE Kosterm (1 trib., 1 gen., 2 sp.)

Trib.5. CASSYTHEAE (1 gen., 2 sp.)

21. CASSYTHA L. (2 sp.)

21.1. Cassytha filiformis L. (fig. 291, photo 52)

21.2. Cassytha capillaris Meisn (fig. 292)

II. KEY TO GENERA OF LAURACEAE IN VIETNAM

1A	Evergreen, rarely decidous, tree, shrubs, not reduced to scales	Subfam.1. Lauroideae
2A	Ovary superior
3A	Flower bixesual, rare unisexual. Inflorescence panicle, paniculat-cymose or nearly raceme. Cells of outer 2 whorls as a rule introrse, those of third whorls generally extrorse
4A	Fruit withou a cupule	Trib.1. Perseae
​5A	Anthers 4 celled	Subtrib.1. Perseineae
6A	Perianth decidous before anthesis
7A	Leaves alternate, ussually with pinnate vains
8A	Berry fruit pear shaped, tepals decidous	1. PERSEA
8B	Berry fruit globose, ellipticor ovate
9A	Inflorescence panicle or raceme, axillary, few flowers. Stamens filliform, slender	2. ALSEODAPHNE
​9B	Inflorescence abudantly flower. Stamens very short, ca. 1 mm long	3. NOTHAPHOEBE
7B	Leaves opposite or nearly opposite with 3-5 main vains	4. CARYODAPHNOPSIS
6B	Perianth persistent
10A	Perianth persistent and enlarged, reflexed after flowering	5. MACHILUS
10B	Perianth persistent, erect attached to pericarp of fruit	6. PHOEBE
​5B	Anthers 2 celled	Subtrib.2. Beilschmiediineae
11A	Fertile stamens 9 or sometimes 6
12A	Tepal equanl; berry fruit; fruit pedicelle on a not (or hardly) smaller	7. BEILSCHMIEDIA
12B	Tepal unequal; fruit pedicelle on hardly	8. DEHAASIA
11B	Fertile staments 3 or 4
13A	Fertile stamens 3; staminode small or absent	9. ENDIANDRA
13B	Fertile stamens 4; staminode 2, linear or lanceolate	10. POTAMEIA
4B	Fruit in a cupule flat or deep	Trib.2. Cinnamomeae; Subtrib.3, Cinnamomineae
14A	Inflorescence panicle or panicle-cymose	11. CINNAMOMUM
14B	Inflorescence panicle or simple cymose	12. NEOCINNAMOMUM
3B	Flower unisexual (rarely bisexual). Inflorescence pseudo-umbell or umbell, racemose- umbel, rarely solitary. Cells of 3 worls as a rule all statmens introrse	Trib.3. Litseeae
15A	Anthers with 4 cells	Subtrib.4. Litseineae
​16A	Inflorescence panicle or umbel racemose
17A	Bracts at the end of a peduncle; inflorescence paniculate; leaves entire; stamens 9-12	13. CINNADENIA
17B	Bracts at the base of the inflorescence; inflorescence rasemose; leaves entire or 2-3 lobed; stamens 9	14. SASSAFRAS
16B	Inflorescence racemose-umbell, spike-umbell, sessile umbel or peduncle or pseudo- umbe with 1 flower
18A	Fertile stamens 9
19A	Leaves alternate, opposite or rarely verticillate. Involucral bracts persistent or subpersistent	15. LITSEA
19B	Leaves verticillate, rarely alternate or opposite. Involucral bracts decidous	16. ACTINODAPHNE
18B	Fertile stamens 6	17. NEOLITSEA
15B	Anthers 2 cells	Subtrib.5. Laureineae
20A	Fertile stamens 9	18. LINDERA
​20B	Fertile stamens 12	19. LAURUS
2B	Ovary inferior	Trib.4. Cryptocaryeae; Subtrib.6. Cryptocaryineae 20. CRYPTOCARYA
1B	Parasitical herb climbing plant. Leaves reduced to minute scales	Subfarm. 2. Cassythoideae; Trib.5. Cassytheae 21. CASSYTHA

III. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LAURACEAE IN VIETNAM

3.1. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PERSEA IN VIETNAM

Berry fruit pear shaped, tepals decidous

1. P. americana

3.2. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ALSEODAPHNE IN VIETNAM

1A	Leaves glabrous
2A	Inflorescence paniculate, less than 7 cm long
3A	Petioles less than 2 cm long
4A	Lateral nerves 8-10 pairs; panicles 3-4 cm long	1. A. tonkinensis
4B	Lateral nerves 12-17 pairs; panicles 6 cm long	2. A. hainanensis
3B	Petioles above 2 cm long	3. A. utilis
2B	Inflorescence paniculate cymose, more than 7 cm long
5A	Panicles less than 2 cm long
​6A	Lateral nerves above 12 pairs; panicles above 10 cm long
7A	Leaf blade oblong-obovate or oblong-lanceolata, 15-32 × 4-10 cm, filaments of 3 rd whorl each with 2 stalked glands	4. A. rugosa
7B	Leaf blade oblanceolata or ovate, with filaments of 3 rd whorl eglandular	5. A. rhododendropsis
6B	Lateral nerves above 12 pairs; panicles 5-9 cm long	6. A. glaucina
​5B	Panicles more than 2 cm long
8A	Lateral nerves above 8-13 pairs; leaves subopposite; panicles 10 cm long	7. A. suboppositifolia
8B	Lateral nerves above 9-12 pairs; leaves alternate at under, subverticillate at above; panicles 16-30 cm long	8. A. andersonii
1B	Leaves densely pilose lower leaf surface
9A	Inflorescens 15-30 cm long; fruit ovoid, 2 × 3 cm	9. A. petiolaris
9B	Inflorescens 15-20 cm long; fruit ellipsoid or obovate, 4 × 2,5 cm	10. A. lanuginosa
	Species incertae sedis	11. A. velutina

3.3. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF NOTHAPHOEBE IN VIETNAM

1A	Lateral veins less than 7 pairs	1. N. condensata
1B	Lateral veins more than 7 pairs
2A	Leaves blade longer than 10 cm long. Fruit ovoid, obovate or ellipsoid
3A	Inflorescence panicles, less than 10 cm long	2. N. kingiana
	Leaf blade obovate or elliptic, apex obtuse, base cuneate. Inflorescence panicle, 7-10 cm long, red-brown pubescens	N. kingiana var. kingiana
	Leaf blade obovate, acute at apex. Inflorescence panicles, 3-4 cm long, glabrous	2a. N. kingiana var. glabrescens
3B	Inflorescence panicles, longer than 10 cm	3. N. umbelliflora
2B	Leaves less than 10 cm long. Fruit globose	4. N. annamensis

3.4. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CARYODAPHNOPSIS IN VIETNAM

1A	Young branchlets, abaxial part of leaf blade, petioles, and inflorescence densely pubescent
2A	Leaf blade abaxially greyish, minutely rusty pubescent (when dry); leaf blade narrowly or broadly elliptic, ca. 13-22 × 4-9 cm	1. C. quanbaensis
2B	Leaf blade abaxially redish brown, densely rufous tomentose, particularly on veins (when dry); leaf blade elliptic to subovate-elliptic, 11-22 × 7-11 cm	2. C. baviensis
​1B	Young branchlets, abaxial part of leaf blade, petioles, inflorescence glabrous or subglabrous
3A	Inflorescence glabrous or nearly so
4A	Inside of inner tepals sparsely pilose, anthers 2 celled	3. C. bilocellata
4B	Inside of inner tepals densely pilose, anthers 4 celled	4. C. metallica
3B	Inflorescence pilose or nearly so
5A	Young inflorescence sparsely pilose	5. C. tonkinensis
5B	Young inflorescence densely rufous tomentose	6. C. poilanei

 

3.5. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF OF MACHILUS IN VIETNAM

1A	Inflorescence tomentose
2A	Leaf blade abaxially pubescent
3A	Inflorescence panicles less than 3 cm long	1. M. velutina
3B	Inflorescence panicles longer than 3 cm long
4A	Lateral veins more than 12 pairs
5A	Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate	2. M. oreophila
​5B	Leaf blade elliptic, obovate rarely oblanceolate
6A	Leaf blade obovate	3. M. platycarpa
6B	Leaf blade obovate or oblanceolate
7A	Leaf blade shorter than 15 cm long. Fruit ellipsoid 10-15 × 10 mm	4. M. cicatricosa
7B	Leaf blade longer than 15 cm long. Fruit globose 3-5 mm across	5. M. balansae
4B	Lateral veins less than 12 pairs
8A	Petioles shorter than 1.5 cm long
9A	Leaf blade oblanceolate	6. M. gamblei
9B	Leaf blade obovate
10A	Obtuse at apex. Ovary globose	7. M. cavaleriei
10B	Acuminata at apex. Ovary ovoid	8. M. grandibracteata
8B	Petioles longer than 1.5 cm long
11A	Leaf blade longer than 13 cm long; fruit bigger than 0.6 cm in diam
12A	Leaf blade obovate or ovate, 13-26 × 5-8 cm long. Fruit globose, 0.8 cm in diam	9. M. bonii
12B	Leaf blade oblanceolate, 20-27 × 7-13 cm. Fruit globose, 1 cm diam	10. M. grandifolia
11B	Leaf blade shorter than 13 cm long; fruit 0.4-0.5 cm in diam	11. M. cochinchinensis
2B	Leaf blade glabrous or subglabrous
13A	Leaf blade subglabrous (scattered villous abaxial, then glabrous)
14A	Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate, 4-9 × 1-2.5 cm	12. M. salicina
​14B	Leaf blade ovate, obovate or lanceolate
15A	Inflorescence panicles, 7-10 cm long. Leaf blade obovate or lanceolate	13. M. yunnanensis
15B	Inflorescence panicles, 3-6 cm. Leaf blade obovate or broadly elliptic	14. M. lohuiensis
​13B	Leaf blade glabrous
16A	Inflorescence panicles, longer than 12 cm long
17A	Fruit globose, 2.5-3 cm in diam; petioles 2.5-5 cm long	15. M. robusta
17B	Fruit globose, 1-2 cm in diam; petioles 7-15 mm long	16. M. odoratissima
	Leave bigger, acute apex, yellow flowers	M. odoratissima var. odoratissima
	Leave smaller, apex obtuse, white flower	16a. M. odoratissima var. glabrata
16B	Inflorescence panicles less than 12 cm long
18A	Lateral veins 10-12 pairs; leaf blade ovate or elliptic, 7.5-12 × 2.5-4.5 cm	17. M. kurzii
18B	Lateral veins 6-8 pairs; leaves oblong-obovate, 12 × 5.5 cm	18. M. coriacea
1B	Inflorescence panicles glabrous or subglabrous
19A	Inflorescence panicles glabrous
20A	Leaf blade obovate, 12-15 × 3.5-4.5 cm. Inflorescence panicles, 7-8 cm long	19. M. thunbergii 19a. M. thunbergii var. condorrensis
​20B	Leaf blade oblong to oblong oblanceolate, 5-10 × 2-4 cm. Inflorescence panicles, 3.5 cm long	20. M. chinensis
19B	Inflorescence panicles subglabrous
21A	Leaf blade glabrous	21. M. parviflora
21B	Leaf blade pubescence or subglabrous abaxially
22A	Inflorescence panicles, 5-9 cm long, peduncles redish, flowers white	22. M. ichangensis
22B	Inflorescence panicles, 8-10 cm, peduncles green, flowers greyish white	23. M. leptophylla

3.6. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PHOEBE IN VIETNAM

1A	Fruit globose
2A	Leaves oblanceolate, 8-22 × 2.5-5.5 cm; inflorescence panicles 10-12 cm long, glabrous or subglabrous	1. P. chinensis
​2B	Leaves elliptic or obovate, 15-25 × 8-10 cm; inflorescence panicles 15-20 cm long, pubescent	2. P. kunstleri
1B	Fruit ovoid, ellipsoid or oval
3A	Inflorescence panicles pubescent.
​4A	Leaf blade abaxially with concave midrib
5A	Lateral veins less than 12 pairs
6A	Petioles 1 cm long; leaf blade lanceolate, 12-20 × 3.5-6.5 cm; inflorescence panicles, 10-12 cm long	3. P. pallida
6B	Petioles 1.5-2.8 cm long; leaf blade oboval, 11-12 × 5-6 cm; inflorescence panicles, 12-15 cm long	4. P. petelotii
5B	Lateral veins more than 12 pairs	5. P. sheareri
​4B	Leaf blade abaxially with flattned midrib to little prominent or prominent
7A	Leaf blade above 15 cm long
8A	Lateral veins more than 20 pairs; fruit oboval, 45 × 25 mm	6. P. macrocarpa
8B	Lateral veins less than 20 pairs; fruit smaller than 3.5 cm long
9A	Leaf blade oblong ovate, 10-25 × 4-8 cm, lateral veins 8-12 pairs..... ; petioles 15-35 mm; fruit 20 × 13 mm	7. P. cuneata
9B	Leaf blade lanceolate, 9-18 (22) × 2.5-3.5 cm, lateral veins 10-15 pairs; petioles 10-12 mm; fruit 10-12 × 5-6 mm	8. P. tavoyana
7B	Leaf blade less than 15 cm long
10A	Lateral veins more than 12 pairs
11A	Inflorescence panicles, 12-18 cm long. Leaf blade obovate-lanceolate, elliptic-oblanceolata or oblanceolate, 10-15 × 2-4.5cm, leaf abaxially with midrib flattened, lateral veins 12-15 pairs, young branchlets, leaf adaxially, bud densely reddish brown or ferruginous villous	9. P. hungmaoensis
​11B	Inflorescence panicles 10-12 cm long. Leaf blade oblanceolate, 9-12 × 4-5 cm, lateral veins 14-20 pairs, young branchlets, leaf abaxially, bud has yellow-brown pubescence	10. P. attenuata
10B	Lateral veins less than 12 pairs	11. P. paniculata
3B	Inflorescence panicles glabrous
12A	Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, wide 1-2.5 cm	12. P. angustifolia
​12B	Leaf blade lanceolate; larger than 2.5 cm
13A	Inflorescence panicles 22-26 cm long, lateral veins 10-12 pairs, petioles 2 cm long	13. P. lanceolata
13B	Inflorescence panicles 3-7 cm long, lateral veins 6-7 pairs, petioles 1-2 cm	14. P. yaiensis

3.7. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF OF BEILSCHMIEDIA IN VIETNAM

1A	Midrib concave adaxially
2A	Leaf blade abaxially pubescent
3A	Leaf blade broadly oval (8.5 × 5 cm); lateral veins 7-9 pairs	1. B. robersonii
3B	Leaf blade elliptic or obovate (15 × 5.5 cm); lateral nerves 5-6 pairs	2. B. vidalii
​2B	Leaf blade abaxial glabrous or subglabrous
4A	Fruit bigger than 3 cm long
5A	Lateral veins more than 8 pairs
6A	Fruiting inflorescence 4-7 cm long. Fruit ellipsoid, 3.5 × 2.5 cm, fruiting pedicels grey-brown, 0.6 cm in diam	3. B. pergamentacea
6B	Fruiting inflorescence 2 cm long. Fruit ovoid, 6.2 × 4.6 cm, fruiting pedicels swelled and base of infructescence swollen, 1.2 cm in diam	4. B. macrocarpa
5B	Lateral nerves less than 8 pairs
7A	Panicles, longer than 4 cm long
8A	Leaf blade elliptic or narrowly elliptic, 9-15 × 4.5-6 cm; fruit narrowly ellipsoid, 4.5 × 1.7 cm	5. B. percoriacea
​8B	Leaf blade elliptic or ovate, 7-9 × 3-4 cm; fruit globose or obovoid, 4 cm in diam	6. B. balansae
	Young branchlets, leaf blade abaxial, inflorescence pubescent; fruit globose	B. balansae var. balansae
	Young branch, leaf blade abaxial, inflorescence glabrous; fruit obovoid	6a. B. balansae var. multicarpa
7B	Panicles less than 4 cm long	7. B. intermedia
4B	Fruit less than 3 cm long
9A	Lateral veins more than 8 pairs
10A	Leaves opposite	8. B. fordii
10B	Leaves subopposite or alternate
11A	Petiole shorter than 10 mm; fruit yellow at maturity	9. B. brevipetiolata
11B	Petiole longer than 10 mm; fruit black at maturity	10. B. longepetiolata
9B	Lateral veins less than 8 pairs
12A	Panicles above 3 cm long. Leaves abaxially pubescent	11. B. tsangii
12B	Panicles less than 3 cm long. Leaves abaxially glabrous	12. B. erythrophloia
1B	Midrib impressed or prominulous at adaxially
13A	Leaf blade abaxially ferruginous pilose	13. B. ferruginea
​13B	Leaf blade abaxially glabrous or subglabrous
14A	Lateral veins more than 10 pairs
15A	Fruit ovoid, obovoid or turbinate
16A	Panicle, 20-25 cm long, 3rd whorl of stamens with 2 glandules without stipitate. Leaf blade elliptic, 13-30 × 7-11 cm	14. B. novae-britanniae
​16B	Panicle, 5-6 cm long, 3rd whorl of stamens with 2 glands, stipitate. Leaf blade elliptic, 7-12 × 2-5 cm	15. B. robusta
15B	Fruit ellipsoid	16. B. roxburghiana
14B	Lateral veins less than 10 pairs
17A	Fruit globose	17. B. sphaerocarpa
17B	Fruit ellipsoid or ovoid
18A	Panicles, longer than 6 cm long	18 B. wangii
​18B	Panicles, shorter than 6 cm long
19A	Leaf blade obovate, shorter than 7 cm long	19. B. obovalifoliosa
​19B	Leaf blade elliptic or ovate, longer than 7 cm long
20A	Petiole longer than 1.5 cm long
21A	Fruit longer than 2.5 cm long
22A	Fruiting pedicels 2mm long; fruit elliptic, 2.5-3.5 × 1.5-2.5 cm. Midrib impressed abaxial	20. B. glauca
22B	Fruiting pedicels 3-4 mm long; fruit broad ovate or subglobose, 2-4 × 1.5-2.7 cm. Midrib prominent on both surfaces	21. B. yunnanensis
​21B	Fruit shorter than 2.5 cm long	22. B. laevis
20B	Petioles shorter than 1.5 cm long
23A	Leaf blade narrow lanceolate, 15-17 × 3-3.5 cm; lateral nerves 8-10 pairs, petioles 1 cm long	23. B. poilanei
23B	Leaf blade ovate, 9-11 × 3-5 cm; lateral nerves 7-8 pairs, petioles 9-12 mm	24. B. tonkinensis

Species incertae sedis

1A	Midrib concave adaxially
2A	Panicles 6-7 cm long. Leaf blade elliptic, 16 × 7 cm, lateral veins 7-8 pairs	25. B. micranthopsis
2B	Panicles 1 cm long. Leaf blade elliptic, 9 × 4.5 cm, lateral veins 6 pairs	26. B. laotica
1B	Midrib prominent adaxially
3A	Panicles 3-4 cm long. Leaf blade oboval, 5-10 × 4-5 cm, lateral veins 6-8 pairs	27. B. chevalieri
3B	Panicles 2 cm long. Leaf blade lanceolate, 20 × 6 cm, lateral veins 12-14 pairs	28. B. frondosa

3.8. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF DEHAASIA IN VIETNAM

1A	Tepals unequal
2A	Panicle, longer than 7 cm
3A	Midrib prominent adaxially, leaf blade oboval, 13.5 × 4.5 cm, petiole 1.5 cm long	1. D. kurzii
​3B	Midrib concave adaxially, leaf blade variant, 12-25 × 4-10 cm, petiole 2-4.5 cm long	2. D. cuneata
	- Leaf blade obovate, apex otuse, base cuneata
	+ Leaf blade longer than 15 cm, petiole 2-4.5 cm long	D. cuneata var. cuneata
	+ Leaf blade shorter than 15 cm, petiole ca. 2 cm long	2a. D. cuneata var. tenuipetiolata
	- Leaf blade oblong-ovate, apex acute	2b. D. cuneata var. longifolia
2B	Panicle shorter than 7 cm
4A	Midrib concave or impressed adaxially
5A	Petiole shorter than 1.5 cm, leaf blade elliptic or ovate-oblong 12-14 × 4 cm	3. D. incrassata
5B	Petiole longer than 1.5 cm, leaf blade ovate or obovate, 12-15 × 5-10 cm	4. D. poilanei
4B	Midrib prominent abaxially	5. D. curtisii
1B	Tepals equal or subequal
6A	Panicle, 5-7 cm long; fruit oval, 1-2.5 cm long, blue to black when mature. Leaf blade elliptic or obovate, 10-19 × 5.5-10 cm	6. D. caesia
6B	Panicle, 8-10 cm long; fruit ovoid, 1.5 × 1.2 cm, green to black when mature. Leaf blade broadly ovate or subglobose, 16-18 × 10-11 cm	7. D. suborbiculata

Species incertae sedis

1A	Lateral veins less than 8 pairs; leaf blade elliptic or obovate 10 × 4 cm; petiole 12 mm	8. D. annamensis
1B	Lateral veins more than 8 pairs; leaf blade laceolate, apex and base acute, 13 × 3.5-4 cm; petiole 5 mm	9. D. tonkinensis

3.9. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ENDIANDRA IN VIETNAM

1A	Young branchlets soft hairy
2A	Fruit narrowly ellipsoid, 3.8 × 1.4 cm, purpule brown when mature	1. E. hainanensis
2B	Fruit elipsoid or subellipsoid, 6-7 × 2.5 cm, red when mature	2. E. rubescens
1B	Young branchlets glabrous
3A	Fruit oblong-ellipsoid or subcylindric, 7-8 × 2.2-2.8 cm; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, 15-20 × 4 cm, midrib concave adaxially	3. E. firma
3B	Fruit narrowly ellipsoid or subcylindric, 3.5 × 0.8 cm; leaf blade elliptic, 21-23 × 0.8 cm, midrib impressed adaxially	4. E. macrophylla

3.10. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF POTAMEIA IN VIETNAM

Fertile stament 4, staminoide 2, linear or lanceolate

1. P. chinensis

3.11. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CINNAMOMUM IN VIETNAM

1A	Leaf blade pinninerved or subtripliverved; perianth lobes entirely deciduous, leaved alternate, conspicuously glands adaxially
2A	Leaf blade subtriplinerved	1. C. camphora
	- Leaf blade abaxially, petioles glabrous or subglabrous; bark irregularly and longitudinally fissured	C. camphora var. camphora
	- Leaf blade abaxially, petioles hairy; bark subglabrous	1a. C. camphora var. werffii
2B	Leaf blade pinninerved
3A	Panicles glabrous
4A	Fruit globose; lateral veins 5-7 pairs	2. C. parthenoxylon
4B	Fruit ellipsoid; lateral veins 3-5 pairs	3. C. micranthum
3B	Panicle hairy
5A	Midrib impressed adaxially; fruit globose, 8-10 mm in diam	4. C. balansae
5B	Midrib impressed on both surfaces; fruit obovate, 10 mm in diam
6A	Petioles 2-2.5 cm long	5. C. glaucescens
6B	Petioles shorter than 1.3-2 cm long
7A	Lateral veins less than 6 (3-5) pairs	6. C. illicioides
7B	Lateral veins above 6 pairs
8A	Fruit ovoid, 15 mm in diam	7. C. tenuipile
8B	Fruit globose, 13 × 1.7 mm in diam	8. C. foveolatum
1B	Leaves opposite or suboppsite, with trinerved or triplinerved; perianth tube entively persistent or low part persistent and not glands (bullate) adaxially
9A	The based lateral veins which not reach the apex or almost so, additional veins outside one to few pairs
10A	Panicles hairy
11A	Leaf blade hairy conspicuously abaxially
12A	Midrib concave or impressed adaxially
13A	Additional veins outside 1-2 pairs; leaf blade ovate, 12-15 × 4-7 cm	9. C. bonii
13B	Additional veins outside 2-3 pairs; leaf blade obovate, 17 × 9 cm	10. C. kunstleri
12B	Midrib prominent on both surface
14A	Panicles 8-12 cm long; leaf blade ovate or elliptic, 10-15 × 4.5-5.5 cm, additional veins 2-3 pairs near apex	11. C. polyadelphum
​14B	Panicles 2.5-6 cm long; leaves elliptic, 8.5-10.5 × 2.5-3.5 cm, additional veins outside 3-4 pairs	12. C. tonkinensis
11B	Leaf blade glabrous abaxially
15A	Midrib prominent both surfaces
16A	Panicles axillary, 9-10 cm long
17A	Leaf blade ovate or elliptic, ca. 9-13 × 3-4 cm	13. C. curvifolium
​17B	Leaf blade linear to linear-lanceolate, ca. (3.8) 4.5-12(15) × (0.7)1-2(4) cm	14. C. heyneanum
16B	Panicles axillary or terminal, 2-6 cm long	15. C. burmannii
15B	Midrib concave adaxially
18A	Panicles shorter than 7 cm
19A	Petioles longer than 1 cm; leaf blade ovate-elliptic, elliptic to lanceolate, 4-13 × 2-6 cm. 3rd whorl of stamens with 2 gland stipitate	16. C. subavenicum
19B	Petioles shoter than 1 cm; leaf blade elliptic, 5-9 × 2-3.5 cm. 3rd whorl of stamens with 2 sessile glands	17. C. validinerve
18B	Panicles 7-9 cm long	18. C. cambodianum
​10B	Panicles glabrous; leaf blade glabrous on both surfaces	19. C. rigidissimum
9B	Based lateral veins reaching to the leaf apex without additonal veins outside
20A	Panicles hairy
21A	Midrib impressed or concave adaxially
22A	Panicles longer than 10 cm.
23A	Petioles shorter than 1.5 cm	20. C. sericans
23B	Petioles longer than 1.5 cm
24A	Leaf blade transverse veins inconspicous abaxially, narrow elliptic or subelliptic, 10-25 × 4-8 cm	21. C. cassia
24B	Leaf blade transverse veins ans veitles slightly conspicous on both surfaces or inconspicous adaxially, elliptic oblong or ovate, 10-30 × 5.5-9 cm	22. C. iners
22B	Panicles shorter than 10 cm
25A	Petiole longer 1 cm	23. C. mairei
25B	Petioles shorter than 1 cm
26A	Panicles terminal	24. C. scortechinii
​26B	Panicles axillary
27A	Leaf blade small, ovate, obovate or elliptic-ovate	25. C. doederleinii
	- Leaf blade obovate or elliptic-ovate, 3-5 × 1-2 cm, whole plant sub glabrous or pubescent, apex obtuse	C. doederleinii var. doederleinii
	- Leaf blade ovate, 3-5 × 2-3 cm, branchlets, leaves abaxially, petioles and inflorescens ussually glabrous, apex acuminate	25a. C. doederleinii var. raoanensis
27B	Leaf blade oblong-ovate	26. C. subsericeum
21B	Midrib prominent on both surfaces
28A	Petioles shorter than 1 cm; leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate, 7-11 × 1.5-3.5 cm. Fruit ovoid, 1-5 × 1 cm	27. C. tsoi
28B	Petioles longer than 1 cm; leaf blade elliptic or elliptic-ovate, 10-20 × 3-7 cm. Fruit subglobose 1.5 × 1.2 cm	28. C. javanicum
20B	Panicles glabrous
29A	Midrib impressed or concave adaxially.
30A	The based two lateral main veins reaching to nearly the leaf tip or almost so
31A	Panicles axillary
32A	Panicles 6-8 cm long, leaf blade oval 9 × 4 cm; perianth cup in fruit shalloly cupuliform ca 4 mm, truncate; bark aromatic caryophylla	29. C. caryophyllum
32B	Panicles 20-25 cm long, leaf blade elliptic-oblong, 10-30 × 5-10 cm; perianth cup in fruit yellow but purpule red inged, dilated obconical, apex up to 5-7 mm wide, deated, teeth truncate; bark light aromatic cinnamon	30. C. bejolghota
31B	Panicles terminal	31. C. verum
30B	The basal two lateral main nerves reaching 3/4 of the lamina length
33A	Leaf blade longer than 10 cm, midrib concave adaxially	32. C. tamala
33B	Leaf blade shorter than 10 cm, midrib impressed adaxially
34A	Leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate, 6-12 × 2-4.5 cm; flowers pale yellowish	33. C. liangii
34B	Leaf blade oval-oblong, 7 × 3.5 cm; flower white	34. C. longipes
29B	The midrib prominent on both surfaces
35A	Petiole 5-8 mm long	35. C. tetragonum
35B	Petiole 1-1.5 cm long	36. C. loureirii

Species incertae sedis

1A	Leaf blade subpinninerved 5-6 pairs	37. C. subpenninervium
1B	Leaf blade blade trinerved or triplinerved
2A	The based two lateral main nerves reaching to nearly the leaves tip, additional veins outside one to few pairs
3A	Petioles longer than 2 cm	38. C. longepetiolatum
3B	Petioles shorter than 2 cm
4A	Additional veins outside 2-3 pairs
5A	Panicles shorter than 10 cm
6A	Leaf blade elliptic-oblong, 8-14 × 2-3 cm, petiole 1.5 cm; panicles 7-10 cm long	39. C. inconspiceum
6B	Leaf blade elliptic, 10 × 3.5 cm, petiole 1 cm; panicles 5-7 cm long	40. C. songcaurium
5B	Panicles longer than 10 cm	41. C. crispalum
4B	additional veins outside 1-2 pairs
7A	Leaf blade elliptic-oblong, 4-8 × 3-3.5 cm, petiole 1.2-1.4 cm long	42. C. durifolium
7B	Leaf blade elliptic, 15-18 × 6-7.5 cm, petiole 1.5 cm long	43. C. magnificum
2B	The based two lateral main nerves reaching to the leaf tip
8A	Panicles terminal
9A	Leaves elliptic, 14 × 5.5 cm; panicles 5-7 cm long	44. C. damhaensis
9B	Leaves lanceolate-oblong about to tip, 7-13 × 1.5-3 cm; panicles 8-9 cm long	45. C. scalarinervum
8B	Panicles axillary
10A	Leaf blade ovate or obovate
11A	Leaf blade ovate, obtuse at apex, small 2-4 × 1.5-2.5 cm; panicles 2-4 cm long	46. C. petelotii
11B	Leaf blade obovate, obtuse or round at apex, 8-9 × 3.5-5.5; panicles 5-7 cm long	47. C. rigidifolium
10B	Leaf blade elliptic
12A	Panicles 2-4 cm long. Leaf blade 4-5 × 1,5 cm	48. C. auricolor
12B	Panicles 7 cm long. Leaf blade 7-12 × 3.5-5 cm	49. C. melastomaceum

3.12. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF NEOCINNAMOMUM IN VIETNAM

1A	Leaves trinerved with 1-3 pairs of lateral veins
2A	Leaves opposite or subopposite. Fruit flat globose, black in maturing. Pedicel slender, perianth remain small on the base of fruit	1. N. huongsonensis
2B	Leaves alternate or spiral. Fruit ovate, red or dark orange in maturing. Pedicel thick, perianth remain developed	2. N. lecomtei
1B	Leaves trinerves
3A	Inflorescence panicles; fruit ellipic, pedicels obconical	3. N. caudatum
3B	Inflorescence cymose; fruit ovate, pedicels thick under the fruit	4. N. delavayi

3.13. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CINNADENIA IN VIETNAM

Bracts at the end of a peduncle; inflorescence paniculate; leaves antirel stament 9-12

1. C. paniculata

3.14. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SASSAFRAS IN VIETNAM

Bract at the base of the inflorescence; inflorescence racemose; leaves entire or 2-3 lobed; stament 9

1. S. tzumu

3.15. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LITSEA IN VIETNAM

1A	Leaf blade papery or membranuos and deciduous
2A	Petioles longer than 3-8 cm	1. L. auriculata
2B	Petioles shorter than 3 cm
3A	Young brachlets glabrous
4A	Leaf blade lanceolate, obovate or elliptic oblong; 7-11 × 1.4-2.4 cm; flower 4-6 per umbel	2. L. cubeba
4B	Leaf blade elliptic; 8-9 × 1.5-2 cm; flower 10-12 per umbel	3a. L. rubescens form. tonkinensis
3B	Young brancklets covered with dense whete pubercens abaxially	4. L. mollis
1B	Leaf blade leathery or thinly leathery and everygreen
5A	Perianth segments imperfect or lacking; fertile staments 15-30	5. L. glutinosa
5B	Perianth segments 6-8; fertile staments 9-12 or 15-17
6A	Perianth segments 8; fertile staments 15-17	6. L. dilleniifolia
6B	Perianth segments 6-8; fertile staments 9-12
​7A	Perianth tube not or enlarged at fruit, fruit tube complate or shallowly discoid
8A	Leaves verticillate, usually 3-6	7. L. verticillata
8B	Leaves opposite, suboppsite or alternate
9A	Leaves opposite or subopposite
10A	Umbels short peduncle or sessile
11A	Leaf blade lanceolate - oblong 5-9 × 1-1.5 cm; flowers 1-2 per umbel	8. L. thorelii
​ 11B	Leaf blade elliptic, ovate or obovate 6-12 × 2-3.5 cm; flowers 3-5 per umbel	9. L. variabilis
	- Branchlets petioles, and abaxially leaves puberulents or subglabrous glabrous, reticulate nerves conspicously abaxially	L. variabilis var. variabilis
	- Branchles, petioles and abaxially leaves, densenly grey appressed pubescens, reticulate nerver inconspicously	9a. L. variabilis var. oblonga
10B	Umbels pedunculate, 4 mm long
12A	Fruit ovoid	10. L. balansae
12B	Fruit globose	11. L. lancifolia
	- Leaves opposite; umbels axillary	L. lancifolia var. lancifolia
	- Leaves alternate; umbels old leaves axillary	11a. L. lancifolia var. alternifolia
9B	Leaves alternate or irregular
13A	Umbels, short solitary or fascicled
14A	Umbels, peduncle 2-10 mm long
15A	Leaf blade elliptic or oblong ovate, 8-14 × 4-5 cm, Umbels, peduncles 2-4 mm, fruit globose	12. L. umbellata
15B	Leaf blade elliptic or oblong ovate or obovate, 9-18 × 4-10, umbels, peduncle 8-10 mm, fruit ovoid	13. L. monopelata
14B	Umbels, peduncle sessile
16A	Leaf blade shorter than 9 cm, lateral veins less than 10 pair
17A	Leaf blade ovate or brodly ovate 2.5-3.5 × 1.5-2.7, lateral veins 3-4 pairs	14. L. rotundifolia
	- Leaf blade ovate or broadly ovate lateral veins 3-4 pairs	L. rotundifolia var. rotundifolia
	- Leaf blade oblong ovate, lateral veins 6-7 pairs	14a. L. rotundifolia var. oblongifolia
17B	Leaf blade ovate or obovate, 6-9 × 1.5-2.5 cm lateral veins 9-10 pairs	15a. L. coreana var. sinensis
16B	Leaf blade longer than 9 cm, lateral veins 10-15 pairs	16. L. salicifolia
13B	Umbels in clusters, peduncle 2-3 cm or more	17. L. cambodiana
	- Umbels in racemes 2-3 cm long	L. cambodiana var. cambodiana
	- Umbels in racemes 10-13 cm long	17a. L. cambodiana var. acutifolia
	- Umbels in racemes to 20 cm long	17b. L. cambodiana var. longiracemosa
7B	Perianth tube enlarged at fruit, fruit is surrounded by discoid or cup shaped fruiting tube
18A	Umbels in cluster
19A	Leaf blade broadly linear, peduneles very short or sessile	18. L. pseudoelongata
19B	Leaf blade elliptic, ovate or obovate. peduncle longer than 2 cm
20A	Fruit compressed globase	19. L. panamonja
20B	Fruit pear shaped	20. L. pierrei
	- Fruiting tebe unlocbed, enclosed 2/3 of fruit	L. pierrei var. pierrei
	- Fruiting tube unclobed enolosed 1/2 of fruit	20a. L. pierrei var. grandifolia
	- Fruit tube 3-4 lobed with many round lenticals outside margin	20b. L. pierrei var. lobata
18B	Umbels, peduncle very short or sessile
21A	Leaf blade alternate sometimes opposite
22A	Young branchlets, leaves abaxially and patioles glabrous
23A	Leaf blade lateral veins less than 10 pairs
24A	Leaf blade shorter than 15 cm
25A	Peduncle 10 cm long	21. L. helferi
	​- Leaf blade elliptic oblong, midrib prominulous; umbels 8 mm in diam.	L. helferi var. helferi
	- Leaf blade broadly elliptic, midrib prominulous adaxially; umbels 5-7 mm in diam	21a. L. helferi var. laosensis
25B	Peduncle nearly sessile	22. L. brevipes
​24B	Leaf blade longer than 15 cm
26A	Peduncle 10 mm long, fruit globose	23. L. myristicifolia
26B	Peduncle very shorte or nearly sessile, fruit elliptic or ovoid
27A	Leaf blade elliptic 30 × 13 cm; fruit ovoid, fruiting tube cup shaped many lenticellate	24. L. grandifolia
27B	Leaf blade elliptic or oblong lanceolate, 15-20 × 4-5,5 cm; fruit elliptic, fruiting tube cup shaped without lenticellate	25. L. clemensii
23B	Leaf blade laterals veins above 10 pairs
28A	Leaf blade elliptic, 9-20 × 3-8 cm, lateral veins 10-12 pairs; fruiting tube cup shaped enclosed almost the fruit	26. L. longipes
28B	Leaf blade lanceolata, 14-18 × 3,5-4,5 cm, lateral veins 12-15 pairs; fruiting tube cup shaped enclosed 1/2 the fruit	27. L. lancilimba
22B	Young branchlets, leaves abaxially and petioles pilose
29A	Umbels solitary or sessile	28. L. elongata
	- Leaf blade longer than 10 cm, lateral veins above 10 pairs; flower 4-5 per umbel	L. elongata var. elongata
	- Leaf blade shorter than 10 cm, lateral veins less than 10 pair; flower 3-4 per umbel	28a. L. elongata var. cuneifolia
29B	Peduncle 7 mm long
30A	Fruit ovoid or ellipsoid, more than 2 cm	29. L. baviensis
	- Fruit 3-4 × 2-3 cm, epex flattened perianth tube warty outside	L. baviensis var. baviensis
	- Fruit ovoid 2 × 1, apex round, parianth tube white lenticels outside	29a. L. baviensis var. venulosa
30B	Fruit less than 2 cm long
31A	Lateral veins 9-12 pairs; fruid ovoid	30. L. ferruginea
	​- Peduncle 15-18 mm long; fruit subglobose press, ca. 4 × 8-10 mm	L. ferruginea var. ferruginea
	- Peduncle 4-6 mm long; fruit obovate, ca. 2 × 1-1.2 mm	30a. L. ferruginea var. annamensis
31B	Lateral veins 6-8 pairs; fruid subglobose	31. L. yunnanensis
21B	Leaf blade irregular
32A	Leaf blade lanceolete, oblanceolate, oblong lanceolate broadly	32. L. acutivena
32B	Leaf blade elliptic or narrowly elliptic usually broadly	33. L. viridis
	- Leaf blade acute short or obtuse at apex; filaments of 3 whorl with big glants at base	L. viridis var. viridis
	- Leaf blade acuminate, obtuse or retuse at apex; filaments of 3rd whorl with 2 smaller glands at base	33a. L. viridis var. clemensii

      Species incertae sedis

1A	Umbels solitary or in cluster
2A	Young branchlet, leaves abaxially and petioles glabrous
3A	Leaf blade lanceolate 10-15 × 3.5-5 cm, lateral nerves 7-10 pairs	34. L. eugenoides
3B	Leaf blade elliptic, various sized, lateral nerves 6-7 pairs	35. L. chartacea
	​- Leaf blade shorter than 12 cm, lateral nerves 6-7 pairs; flowers 4-5 per umbel	L. chartacea var. chartacea
	- Leaf blade longer than 12 cm, lateral nerves subtriplinerves (4-6 pairs); flower 3 per umbel	35a. L. chartacea var. subtriplinervis
2B	Young branchlets, leaf blade abaxially and petioles pilose
4A	Leaf blade lanceolate, 15-25 × 4-4.5 cm, lateral nerves 16-19 pairs	36. L. mekongensis
4B	Leaf blade elliptic, 10-16 × 4-6.5 cm, lateral nerves 6-7 pairs	37. L. salmonea
1B	Umbels peduncles very short or sessile
5A	Young branchlets, leaves abaxially glabrous
6A	Lateral nerves above 8-10 pairs	38. L. firma
	- Leaf blade longer than 10 cm; umbels peduncles longer than 1 cm long, lateral nerves more than 10 pairs	L. firma var. firma
	- Leaf blade shorter than 10 cm; umbels peduncles to 1 cm long, lateral nerves 8-10 paires	38a. L. firma var. austrannamensis
6B	Lateral nerves less than 8 pairs
7A	Leaf blade spoon shape or oblanceolate, small, 2-5.5 × 1.5-3.5 cm, lateral nerves 5-8 pairs	39. L. citronella
7B	Leaf blade oblanceolate, 8-13 × 3-4 cm, lateral nerves 7-8 pairs	40. L. laevifolia
5B	Young branchlets, leaves abaxially, petioles pilose	41. L. robusta

3.16. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ACTINODAPHNE IN VIETNAM

1A	Umbels clustered in a panicle or raceme composed of umbels
2A	Leaf blade triplinerved or subpinninerved, raceme composed of umbels	1. A. obovata
​2B	Leaf blade pinninerved
3A	Leaf blade shorter than 20 cm long
4A	Panicles 3-6 cm long, leaves oboval, 12-15 × 6-7 cm; fruit globose, 4-6 mm in diam, black at maturity	2. A. pilosa
​4B	Panicles 1.5 cm long, leaves oblong-elliptic 12-17 × 4-6.5 cm; fruit globose; yellow at maturity	3. A. rehderiana
3B	Leaf blade longer than 20 cm long	4. A. ellipticibacca
1B	Umbels solitary or clustered in raceme, pedicel very long or very short or sessile
5A	Leaves verticillate or subverticillata
6A	Umbels solitary, pedunculate 3-10 cm long, flowers 2-3 per umbel	5. A. tonkinense
6B	Umbels pedunculate very short or sessile
7A	Lateral nerves less than 10 pairs (7-9)	6. A. perlucida
7B	Lateral nerves above 10 pairs
8A	Fruit globose
9A	Leaf blade narrowly-elliptic, 30-50 × 7-10 cm, lateral nerves 14-22 pairs	7. A. sesquipedalis
9B	Leaf blade ovate-narrowly ro elliptic, 10-25 × 2-5 cm, lateral nerves 11-15 pairs	8. A. forrestii
8B	Fruit ovate	9. A. reticulata
	- Leaf blade ca. 8-22 × 2-5 cm	A. reticulata var. reticulata
	- Leaf blade ca. cì 8-10 × 2,5-3,5 cm	9a. A. reticulata var. glabra
5B	Leaves alternate	10. A. ferruginea

3.17. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF NEOLITSEA IN VIETNAM

1A	Leaf blade pinninerved or subtriplinerved
2A	Young branchlets glabrous; lateral veins more than 8 pairs (8-12)	1. N. wushanica
2B	Young branchlets hairy; lateral veins less than 8 pairs
3A	Leaved verticillate; perianth segments decidous
4A	Leaf blade oblong-laceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 6-16 × 1.5-3 cm; leaf margin undulate, lateral veins 4-6 pairs	2. N. confertifolia
4B	Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, 7-12 × 1.5-2.5 cm; leaf margin not undulate, lateral veins 5-8 pairs	3. N. angustifolia
3B	Laeves alternate or verticilate; perianth segments often persistent
5A	Leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, 4-10 × 0.8-2.5 cm, midrib impressed or prominous adaxially; fruit globose 8-10 mm in diam	4. N. oblongifolia
5B	Leaf blade oblong-elliptic, 10-15 × 3-3.5 cm, midrib concave in adaxiall; fruit glose 4-10 mm in diam	5. N. cambodiana
1B	Leaves trinerved at base or triplinerve at base
6A	Young branchlets glabrous; leaf blad hairy abaxially when young and becoming glabrous when old
7A	Lateral veins more than 3 pairs
8A	Leaf blade longer than 16 cm long (17-20 × 5-7.5 cm)	6. N. cuipala
​8B	Leaf blade shorter than 16 cm long
9A	Leaf blade hairy abaxial when young, then glabrous
10A	Leaves alternate
​11A	Leaf blade elliptic or oblong elliptic, 6-11 × 1.7-4 cm; fruit ovoid, 7-10 × 3-4 mm	7. N. polycarpa
11B	Leaf blade ovate or elliptic, 4.5-7.5 × 1.7-3 cm; fruit obovoid, 6-7 × 5-8 mm	8. N. purpurascens
​10B	Leaves verticillate	9. N. elaeocarpa
9B	Leaf blade abaxially glabrous when young	10a. N. chunii var. annamensis
7B	Lateral vein less than 3 pairs
12A	Leaf blade ovate or obovate, 3.5-6 × 1.5-2.5 cm	11. N. buisanensis
12B	Leaf blade lanceolate or elliptic, longer than 6 cm
13A	Leaf blade lanceolate or oblanceolate, 8-12 × 2.5-4.5 cm; fruit ovoid, 7-10 mm long	12. N. poilanei
13B	Leaf blade elliptic, 6-10 × 2-4.5 cm; fruit ellipsoid, 13-18 mm long	13. N. ellipsoides
​6B	Young branchlets, leaf blade abaxially hairy when young
14A	Leaf blade more than 20-30 cm long; fruit longer than 2 cm long	14. N. lanuginosa
​14B	Leaf blade shorter than 20 cm long; fruit shorter than 2 cm long
15A	Lateral veins 2-3 pairs
16A	Leaf blade elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 4-6 × 2-3 cm, midrib impressed adaxially, petioles 0.5-0.6 cm long; fruit globose 4-6 mm in diam	15. N. pulchella
16B	Leaf blade elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, 8-14 × 2.5-4 cm, midrib prominent on both sides, petioles 1.0-2.5 cm long; fruit ellipsoid, 8 × 6 mm	16. N. aurata
	- Leaf blade ca. 8-14 × 2.5-4 cm	N. aurata var. aurata
	- Leaf blade ca. 6-8 × 2-3 cm	16a. N. aurata var. paraciculata
​15B	Lateral veins more than 3 pairs
17A	Leaves alternate, elliptic or oblong-ovate, 7-12 × 2.5-4.5 cm; lateral veins 3-4 pairs; fruit obovate 6-7 mm in diam	17. N. zeylanica
17B	Leaves subverticillate or subopposite, obovate or elliptic, 10-16 × 5.5-7.5 cm; lateral veins 4-5 pairs; fruit ellipsoid 16-18 × 13 mm in diam	18. N. alongensis

3.18. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LINDERA IN VIETNAM

1A	Leaves pinninerved
2A	Umbels pedunculate
3A	Leaf blade oblong ovate, 7-10 × 2.5-3 cm; lateral veins 4-5 pairs, midrib impressed adaxially; umbels in racemes	1. L. annamensis
3B	Leaf blade elliptic, 10-12 × 4-5 cm; lateral veins 7-8 pairs, midrib concave adaxially	2. L. racemosa
2B	Umbels pedunculate sessile or subsessile
4A	Umbels pedunculate approximately 1 cm long
5A	Young branchlets, leaf blade abaxially hairy
6A	Umbels peduncles shorter than 10 mm long
7A	Lateral veins less than 8 pair, midrid concave adaxially
8A	Leaf blade oblong-elliptic, 7-10 × 2.5-3 cm; lateral veins 6-7 pairs; fruit globose, 8 mm in diam	3. L. spirei
8B	Leaf blade elliptic or elliptic-oblanceolate, ca. 15 × 4 cm; lateral 6-8 pairs; fruit globose 10 mm in diam	4. L. assamica
7B	Lateral veins 7-10 pairs; midrib impressed adaxially	5. L. longistaminata
6B	Umbels peduncles longer than 10 mm long
9A	Umbels pedunculate shorter than 15 mm
10A	Leaf blade glabrous or hairy on nerves abaxially
11A	Leaf blade oblanceolate or oblonglanceolate, ca. 11-14 × 3-5 cm; lateral veins 11-12 pairs; peduncle 11-12 mm, umbel 10 flowers	6. L. balansae
11B	Leaf blade elliptic or narrowly elliptic, ca. 7-12 × 3-5 cm; lateral 5-10 pairs; peduncle 8-15 mm; umbels 6-8 flowers	7. L. metcalfiana
	- Leaf blade elliptic or narowly elliptic	L. metcalfiana var. metcalfiana
	- Leaf blade lanceolata	7a. L. metcalfiana var. dictyophylla
10B	Leaf blade densely pubescent abaxially	8. L. latifolia
9B	Umbels pedunculate 20-30 mm long	9. L. gracilipes
​5B	Young branchlets, leaf blade abaxially glabrous when young
12A	Leaf blade elliptic 9-14 × 3-5 cm, lateral veins 7-8 pairs; peduncle 15-25 mm; umbels 9 flowers	10. L. meisneri
	- Apex caudate acuminate shorter 1 cm long	L. meisneri var. meisneri
	- Apex caudate acuminate ca. 1 cm long	10a. L. meisneri var. lenticellata
12B	Leaf blade lanceolate oblong or narrowly ovate, ca. 10-23 × 4-10 cm; lateral veins 10-15 pairs; peduncle 10 mm; umbels 12-16 flowers	11. L. megaphylla
4B	Umbels sessile or subsessile
13A	Midrib concave adaxially
14A	Leaf blade broadly ovate, ca. 5-10 × 3-5 cm; lateral veins 6-8 pairs; umbels sessile, 5-8 flowers; fruit ovoid, 10 mm long	12. L. communis
14B	Leaf blade obovate or elliptic, ca. 4-9 × 2-4 cm; lateral veins 6-7 pairs; umbels subsessile; 3-8 flowers; fruit globose 7 mm in diam	13. L. glauca
13B	Midrib prominent on both surface; umbels pedunculate very short 2-4 mm long, umbels 8-10 flowers	14. L. nacusua
​1B	Leaves trinerves or triplinerves
15A	Leaves trinerves
16A	Young branchlet, leaf blade glabrous on both surface	15. L. sinensis
16B	Young branchlets pubescent, abaxial surface of leaf.
17A	Umbel solitary
​18A	1 flowered sessile in pseudoumbels; leaf blade narrowly ovate or oblong lanceolate, ca. 4-12 × 2-4 cm	16. L. caudata
18B	1 flowered sessile, umbels in spicate; leaf blade ovate ca. 5-7.5 × 2-3 cm	17. L. spicata
17B	Umbels pedunculate or not.
19A	Umbels not pedunculate
20A	Leaf blade elliptic or lanceolate, ca. 5-10 × 1.5-4 cm, pubescent on both surfaces; umbels 4-6 flowers	18. L. chunii
20B	Leaf blade ovate-elliptic, ca. 3-7.5 × 1.5-4 cm, abaxial surface of leaf blade pubescent, umbels 6-7 flowers	19. L. aggregata
	- Leaf blade ovate or elliptic, ca. 3-7.5 × 1.5-4 cm	L. aggregata var. aggregata
	- Leaf blade narrowly elliptic, ca. 4-7 × 1.5-2.5 cm	19a. L. aggregata var. playfairii
19B	Umbels pedunculate, 3-4 mm long	20. L. myrrha
15B	Leaves triplinerves
21A	Apex caudate-acuminate longer than 2 cm
22A	Young branchlets glabrous, leaf blade ovate or lanceolate, ca 7-11 × 2.5-4.5 cm, glabrous on both surfaces, apex caudate-acuminate up to 3-3.5 cm; fruit ellipsoid, ca. 5-6 × 3 mm	21. L. thomsonii
22B	Young branchlets pubescent, leaf blade ovate or elliptic-lanceolate, ca. 8-12 × 2-4.5 cm, hairy on both surfaces, apex caudate-acuminate 2-3 cm long; fruit oval, ca. 8 × 6 mm	22. L. pulcherrima
	- Leaf blade ovate or elliptic	L. pulcherrima var. pulcherrima
	- Leaf blade elliptic	22a. L. pulcherrima var. hemsleyana
	- Leaf blade lanceolate	22b. L. pulcherrima var. attenuata
21B	Apex caudate acuminate shorter than 2 cm
23A	Young branchlets, young leaf glabrous	23. L. supracostata
23B	Young branchlets hairy, young leaf glabrous or hairy at abaxially.
24A	Young branchlets hairy, young leaf glabrous, umbels pedunculate, 6-12 mm long	24. L. tonkinensis
24B	Young branchlets, young leaf hairy, umbels subpedunculate
25A	Young branchlets rufous pubescent; leaf blade ovate, ca 6x3 cm, petiole 10 mm long	25. L. rufa
25B	Young branchlets white-grey pubescent, leaf blade lanceolate-narrowly ovate, ca. 4,5 -9 × 1,5-2,5 cm, petiole 5-8 mm long	26. L. fragrans

3.19. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LAURUS IN VIETNAM

Fertile stament 12

1. L. nobilis

3.20. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CRYPTOCARYA IN VIETNAM

1A	Leaves triplinerves
2A	Fruit oblade, 12-15 × 19-20 mm, glabrous or inconspicously angled; leaves narrow elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 9-15 × 5-7.5 cm, rusty tomentose at abaxial; midrib concave	1. C. densiflora
2B	Fruit oblade, 8-10 × 9-12 mm; leaves oblong-elliptic, 7-10 × 3-5.5 cm, glabrous on adaxial; midrib prominent	2. C. chinensis
1B	Leves pinninerves
3A	Fruit oblate
4A	Panicle longer than 5 cm
5A	Leaf blade broadly ovate, 7-18 × 4-10 cm; lateral veins 5-10 pairs; panicle 5-10 cm long	3. C. impressa
	- Leaf blade broadly ovate, 7-18 × 4-10 cm, petiole 1-1.3 cm long; fruit globose 1.5 cm in diam	C. impressa var. impressa
	- Leaf blade oblong-elliptic, 12 × 4.5 cm, petioles shorter than 1 cm; fruit small, shorter than 1 cm in diam	3a. C. impressa var. tonkinensis
5B	Leaf blade oblong-ovate or oblong-lanceolate, 9-15 × 2.5-6.5 cm, lateral veins 6-8 pairs, panicle 6-13 cm long	4. C. caesia
4B	Panicle shorter than 3.5-5 cm	5. C. maclurei
3B	Fruit ovoid, globose or ellipsoid, rarely oblate
6A	Fruit corky spotted	6. C. maculata
6B	Fruit not corky sportted
7A	Fruit very smooth not angled	7. C. brachythyrsa
7B	Fruit not smooth, conspicuously or inconspicuosly angled
8A	Fruit inconspicuosly angled
9A	Fruit globose or subglobose
10A	Fruit subglobose; leaf blade oblong or oblong elliptic to ovate 10.5-19 × 4-8 cm; fruit 12 angulate inconspicuosly	8. C. calcicola
10B	Fruit globose or subglobose; leaf blade oblong or lanceolate, 13 × 4 cm; fruit smooth	9. C. laotica
9B	Fruit ovoid or ellipsoid
11A	Lateral nerves more than 8 pairs
12A	Midrib concave adaxially; leaf blade 9-17 × 3-7.5 cm	10. C. ochnacea
12B	Midrib prominulous on both surface; leaf blade 8-10 × 2.5-4 cm	11. C. ferrea
11B	Laterral nerves less than 8 pairs
13A	Young branchlets, leaf blade abaxially hairy when young
14A	Leaf blade shorter than 12 cm long
15A	Leaves ellipsoid or ovate, 4-8 × 2.5-4.5 cm, lateral nerves 4 pairs; panicles 4-9 cm long	12. C. annamensis
15B	Leaves obovate orlanceolate, 5-12 × 2-4 cm, lateral nerves 5-7 pairs; panicles 4-8 cm long	13. C. concinna
14B	Leaf blade longer than 12 cm long	14. C. obovata
13B	Young branchlets, leaf blade abaxially glabrous	15. C. petelotii
8B	Fruit conspicuously angled
16A	Fruit ovoid oblong or broadly ovoid
17A	Young branchlets, leaf blade abaxially, petiole hairy	16. C. infectoria
17B	Young branchlets, leaf blade abaxially, petiole glabrous or subglabrous
18A	Leaf blade lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 9-13 × 2.5-4.5 cm; fruit broad ovoid	17. C. hainanensis
	- Leaf blade ellipsoid; fruit subglobose	17a. C. hainanensis form. grandifolia
18B	Leaf blade ovate or lanceolate, 2.5-4(7) × 1.5-2.5 cm; fruit oblong ovoid	18. C. lenticellata
16B	Fruit ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid
19A	Old branchlets not lenticellate
20A	Panicle shorter than 8 cm (3-5 cm)	19. C. chingii
20B	Panicle longer than 8 cm
21A	Leaf blade elliptic 9-17 × 4.5-8 cm; lateral veins 7-10 pairs; fruit ellipsoid 1-1.2 × 0.6-0.8 cm	20. C. impressinervis
21B	Leaf blade broadly elliptic 6.5-11 × 6-10 cm; lateral veins 7-9 pairs; fruit ellipsoid 2-3 × 1.5-2 cm	21. C. rifaii
19B	Old branchlets many lenticellate	22. C. metcalfiana

3.21. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CASSYTHA IN VIETNAM

1A	Inflorescence spikes, 2.5-5 cm long; fruit ovate, perianth remains enclosed. Hemiparasite herb tomentose then glabrous	1. C. filiformis
1B	Inflorescens spike, 1-1.5 cm long; fruit ovate, perianth remains enclosed. Hemiparasite herb glabrous, branched	2. C. capillaris

 

 

 

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LỜI NÓI ĐẦU

Động vật chí và Thực vật chí là những tài liệu cơ bản về khu hệ động vật, thực vật, nguồn lợi sinh vật của mỗi nước, được coi như tài liệu chính thống, để sử dụng vào nghiên cứu, giảng dạy, khai thác và bảo vệ nguồn lợi sinh vật, tính đa dạng sinh học của nước đó. Đây cũng là kết quả của cả quá trình hoạt động điều tra khảo sát, nghiên cứu về khu hệ động vật, thực vật, được tổng hợp, thẩm định và công bố.

Nhằm đáp ứng yêu cầu phát triển kinh tế xã hội, khoa học công nghệ nước ta trong giai đoạn mới, Trung tâm Khoa học tự nhiên và Công nghệ Quốc gia (nay là Viện Hàn lâm Khoa học và Công nghệ Việt Nam) đã giao cho Viện Sinh thái và Tài nguyên sinh vật chủ trì, tập hợp một lực lượng đông đảo cán bộ khoa học trong cả nước, soạn thảo và công bố lần lượt từ năm 1996 tới năm 2007 được 25 tập Động vật chí và 11 tập Thực vật chí Việt Nam do Nhà xuất bản Khoa học và Kỹ thuật phát hành.

Cụm công trình Động vật chí và Thực vật chí Việt Nam cùng với Sách Đỏ và Danh lục Đỏ Việt Nam trong các giai đoạn này đã vinh dự được nhận Giải thưởng Hồ Chí Minh
về khoa học và công nghệ năm 2012 và Trung tâm Sách kỷ lục Việt Nam cấp giấy xác lập kỷ lục là bộ sách nhiều tập nhất.

Các tài liệu đã xuất bản, tuy chất lượng về nội dung và hình thức còn tiếp tục phải hoàn thiện, song đã đáp ứng được một phần yêu cầu bức thiết của hoạt động nghiên cứu, sản xuất, bảo vệ tài nguyên, đa dạng sinh vật và môi trường ở nước ta hiện nay.

Việc biên soạn và xuất bản tiếp tục các tập Động vật chí, Thực vật chí Việt Nam đã được Nhà nước giao cho Viện Hàn lâm Khoa học và Công nghệ Việt Nam, và Viện Sinh thái và Tài nguyên sinh vật vẫn với trách nhiệm là cơ quan chủ trì, dưới hình thức một đề tài độc lập cấp Nhà nước trong giai đoạn 2008-2010 mang mã số ĐTĐL-2008G/3.

Ấn phẩm này được xuất bản là nhờ hoạt động của đề tài Nhà nước nói trên, song nó là kết quả của sự tích luỹ tư liệu hàng chục năm và kế thừa các kết quả, kinh nghiệm biên soạn, biên tập của giai đoạn 1996-2005. Trong tập sách này, chúng tôi đã trích dẫn nhiều tài liệu khoa học có liên quan do các tác giả, đồng nghiệp đã công bố. Ban chủ nhiệm đề tài và tác giả tập sách này xin chân thành cảm ơn các nhà khoa học và các tác giả trong và ngoài nước đã giúp đỡ và thông cảm. Hy vọng rằng các tập sách về Động vật chí, Thực vật chí Việt Nam được xuất bản sẽ đáp ứng được mong mỏi của giới khoa học và của toàn xã hội.

 

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