ABSTRACT

FLORA OF VIETNAM 19
THEACEAE D. Don, 1822

(2 subfamilies, 5 tribes, 11 genera, 124 species, 15 varieties and 2 forma)

INTRODUCTION

The family Theaceae includes about 29 genera and 550 species, which is distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the two hemispheres. The most basal representations are concentrated in Asia, especially in China and Indo-China. Vietnam has 11 genera, 124 species, 15 varieties and 2 forma, distributed in 40 among 63 provinces and cities, chiefly in the mountainous regions. The economic value of Theaceae is well-known, chiefly in drinking, giving tannin, some wood and drugs.

 The studies about the taxonomy of Theaceae began very soon as C. Linnaeus (1753), Moech (1974), D. Don (1822), etc. After that, G. Bentham & J. D. Hooker (1862-1887), V. H. Heywood (1993), H. Melchior (1964), Phedorov (1981), A. Takhtajan (1973, 1987, 1996) etc. The revisory studies on Camellia were carried out by J. R. Sealy (1958), H. T. Chang & B. Bartholomew (1984); T. L. Ming (1999); and the genus Eurya was worked out by C. E. Kobuski (1947), L. K. Ling (1966) etc.

 In Vietnam, several foreign authors also studied Theaceae such as J. Loureiro (1790), J. B. L. Pierre (1887), C. J. Pitard (1910), F. Gagnepain (1943, 1948). Besides, a lot of studies were carried out by the local taxonomists who updated the taxon status and documented several new species for the flora of Vietnam such as­ Le Kha Ke (1970), Pham Hoang Ho (1970, 1991, 1999), Tran Dinh Ly (1984), Nguyen Tien Ban (1997), Nguyen Tien Ban & Nguyen Huu Hien (2003), Trần Ninh (1998), Tran Ninh &  N. Hakoda (1998), J. C. Rosmann (1997), etc.

 In addition, there were several studies carried out related to the economic importance and uses of Theaceae members in Vietnam, such as Do Tat Loi (1986, 2000), Vo Van Chi (1997, 2012), Do Huy Bich & al. (2004), etc.

 In the countries adjacent to Vietnam, studies on taxonomy of Theaceae were also carried out by several authors such as T. L. Ming (1997, 1999), H. T. Chang (1954, 1981, 1991, 1998), L. K. Ling (1996, 1998) in China; W. T. Thiselton Dyer (1874) in India; etc.

 Flora of Vietnam, volume 19 on Theaceae D. Don is a full and systematic study on taxonomy. It is an output of decades of investigation, collection and research carried out in different parts of the country, especially at the places which are suitable habitat for the species of Theaceae. At the same time, authos also studied specimens and documents housed at different herbaria such as Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (HN); Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (HNU); Forest Inventory and Planning Institute (HNF); Institute of Tropical Biology, Ho Chi Minh City (VNM); Hanoi University of Pharmacy (HNPI), Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hanoi (HNPM); Botanical Institute Komarov, Leningrad (St. Peterburgh), USSR (LE) and Museum Natural d’Historie Naturelle, Paris, France (P).

This volume comprises of about 360 pages dealing with different systems of classification studied for Theaceae in Vietnam. It also mentions the diagnostic characters of every species of this family found in Vietnam, inventory of classification systems and keys to taxa. Accepetd Latin names for every taxon along with synonyms, morphological characters, type, ecological and biological characters, distribution inside and outside the country, specimens examined, economic value, notes (if any) are provided.

 In addition, there are 117 figures of different species and 18 supporting coloured photo, keys to identification, accepted Latin and Vietnamese names, along with references. Besides, the introductory part in dealt in English (Introduction and Keys to taxon).

At the end, references, figures, coloured images from other authors are also provided.

 Index to Taxa of Theaceae in Vietnam (provided as per an accepted classification systems).

I. CHECKLIST OF THE TAXA UNDER FAMILY THEACEAE IN VIETNAM

(2 subfam., 5 trib., 11 gen., 124 sp., 15 var., 2 form.)

Subfam.1. TERNSTROEMIOIDEAE Melchior (2 trib., 5 gen., 45 sp., 8 var., 1 form.)

Trib.1. TERNSTROEMIEAE (2 gen., 7 sp., 2 var.)

1. ANNESLEA Wall. (3 sp., 1 var.)

1.1. Anneslea fragrans Wall. (fig. 5)

1.1a. Anneslea fragrans Wall. var. ternstroemioides (Gagnep.) Kobuski (fig. 6)

1.2. Anneslea dongnaiensis (Gagnep.) Kobuski

1.3. Anneslea paradoxa N. H. Hien & G. P. Yakovl.

2. TERNSTROEMIA Mutis ex L. f. nom. conserv. (4 sp., 1 var.)

2.1. Ternstroemia kwangtungensis Merr. (fig. 7)

2.2a. Ternstroemia pseudoverticillata Merr. & Chun var. medionalis Gagnep. (fig. 8)

2.3. Ternstroemia chapaensis Gagnep. (fig. 9)

2.4. Ternstroemia gymnanthera (Wight & Arn.) Bedd. (fig. 10)

2.5. Ternstroemia penangiana Choisy (fig. 11)

Trib.2. ADINANDREAE Melchior (3 gen., 38 sp., 6 var., 1 form.)

3. ADINANDRA Jack. (13 sp., 3 var.)

3.1. Adinandra lienii N. H. Hien & G. P. Yakovl. (fig. 12, photo 1)

3.2. Adinandra bockiana Pritz. ex Diels (fig. 13)

3.2a. Adinandra bockiana Pritz ex Diels var. acutifolia (Hand.-Mazz.) Kobuski (fig. 14, photo 2)

3.2b. Adinandra bockiana Pritz ex Diels var. tonkinensis Kobuski

3.3. Adinandra poilanei Gagnep. (fig. 15)

3.4. Adinandra hirta Gagnep. (fig. 16)

3.5. Adinandra hainanensis Hayata (fig. 17)

3.6. Adinandra integerrima T. Anders. ex Dyer (fig. 18)

3.7. Adinandra annamensis Gagnep. (fig. 19)

3.8. Adinandra megaphylla Hu (fig. 20)

3.9. Adinandra grandifolia N. H. Hien & G. P. Yakovl.

3.10. Adinandra caudata Gagnep. (fig. 21)

3.11. Adinandra millettii (Hook. & Arn.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Hance (fig. 22)

3.11a. Adinandra millettii (Hook. & Arn.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Hance var. dalatensis N. H. Hien & G. P. Yakovl.

3.12. Adinandra dongnaiensis Gagnep. (fig. 23)

3.13. Adinandra microcarpa A. Chev. ex Gagnep. (fig. 24)

4. CLEYERA Thunb. (1 sp.)

4.1. Cleyera japonica Thunb. (fig. 25)

5. EURYA Thunb. (24 sp., 3 var., 1 form.)

5.1. Eurya stenophylla Merr. (fig. 26)

5.1a. Eurya stenophylla Merr. var. caudata H. T. Chang

5.2. Eurya tonkinensis Gagnep. (fig. 27)

5.3. Eurya tetragonoclada Merr. & Chun (fig. 28)

5.4. Eurya polyneura Chun (fig. 29)

5.5. Eurya persicaefolia Gagnep. (fig. 30, photo 7)

5.6. Eurya nitida Korthals (fig. 31)

5.7. Eurya japonica Thunb. (fig. 32, photo 3)

5.7a. Eurya japonica Thunb. var. harmandii Pierre ex Pitard (fig. 33)

5.8. Eurya subintegia Kobuski

5.9. Eurya muricata Dunn (fig. 34)

5.10a. Eurya cuneata Kobuski var. glabra Kubuski

5.11. Eurya chinensis R. Br. (fig. 35)

5.12. Eurya prunifolia Hsu (fig. 36)

5.13. Eurya quinquelocularis Kobuski (fig. 37)

5.14. Eurya turfosa Gagnep. (fig. 38)

5.15. Eurya groffii Merr. (fig. 39)

5.16. Eurya acuminata DC. (fig. 40)

5.17. Eurya cerasifolia (D. Don) Kobuski (fig. 41)

5.18. Eurya tsingpienensis Hu

5.19. Eurya trichocarpa Korth. (fig. 42)

5.20. Eurya ciliata Merr. (fig. 43, photo 4)

5.21. Eurya laotica Gagnep. (fig. 44)

5.22. Eurya distichophylla Hemsl. (fig. 45)

5.22a. Eurya distichophylla Hemsl. form. asymmetrica H. T. Chang

5.23. Eurya megatrichocarpa H. T. Chang (fig. 46)

5.24. Eurya henryi Hemsl. (fig. 47)

5.25. Eurya gnaphalocarpa Hayata (fig. 48)

Subfam.2. THEOIDEAE (3 trib., 6 gen., 79 sp., 7 var., 1 form.)

Trib.3. STEWARTIEAE (Airy-Shaw) H. T. Chang (1 gen., 3 sp., 1 var.)

6. HARTIA Dunn (3 sp., 1 var.)

6.1. Hartia tonkinensis Merr. (fig. 49)

6.2a. Hartia villosa (Merr.) Merr. var. kwangtungensis (Chun) H. T. Chang (fig. 50)

6.3. Hartia yunnanensis Hu (fig. 51)

Trib.4. GORDONIEAE Benth. & Hook. (2 gen., 14 sp., 1 var., 1 form.)

7. GORDONIA Eliss, nom. cons. (9 sp., 1 var., 1 form.)

7.1. Gordonia huongiana (Orel, Curry & Luu) N. H. Hien, comb. nov. (fig. 52)

7.2. Gordonia hainanensis H. T. Chang (fig. 53)

7.3. Gordonia intricata Gagnep. (fig. 54, photo 5)

7.4. Gordonia balansae Pitard (fig. 55)

7.5. Gordonia axillaris (Roxb. ex Ker-Gawl.) Dietr. (fig. 56, photo 6)

7.5a. Gordonia axillaris (Roxb. ex Ker-Gawl.) Dietr. form. subemarginata Gagnep.

7.5b. Gordonia axillaris (Roxb. ex Ker-Gawl.) Dietr. var. crenata Gagnep.

7.6. Gordonia longicarpa Chang (fig. 57)

7.7. Gordonia tonkinensis Pitard emend. Ming (fig. 58, photo 8)

7.8. Gordonia bidoupensis Gagnep. (fig. 59)

7.9. Gordonia gigantiflora Gagnep. (fig. 60)

8. SCHIMA Reinw. ex Blume (5 sp.)

8.1. Schima argentea Pritz. ex Diels (fig. 61)

8.2. Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth. (fig. 62)

8.3. Schima noronhae Reinw. ex Blume (fig. 63, photo 9)

8.4. Schima crenata Korth.

8.5. Schima khasiana Dyer (fig. 64)

Trib.5. THEEAE (3 gen., 62 sp., 5 var.)

9. CAMELLIA L. (54 sp., 3 var.)

Subgen.1. THEA (L.) H. T. Chang, emend. T. L. Ming

Sect.1. PIQUETIA (Pierre) J. R. Sealy

9.1. Camellia dongnaiensis G. Orel (fig. 65)

9.2. Camellia piquetiana (Pierre ex Lanessan) J. R. Sealy (fig. 66)

Sect.2. ARCHECAMELLIA J. R. Sealy

9.3. Camellia krempfii (Gagnep.) J. R. Sealy (fig. 67)

9.4. Camellia vidalii J. C. Rosmann (fig. 68, photo 10)

9.5. Camellia flava (Pitard) J. R. Sealy (fig. 69, photo 11)

9.6. Camellia cucphuongensis T. Ninh & Rosmann (fig. 70)

9.7. Camellia pleurocarpa (Gagnep.) J. R. Sealy (fig. 71)

9.8. Camellia aurea H. T. Chang (fig. 72)

9.9. Camellia calcicola T. L. Ming (fig. 73)

9.10. Camellia megasepala H. T. Chang & T. Ninh ex H. T. Chang

9.11. Camellia hirsuta N. Hakoda & T. Ninh (photo 12)

9.12. Camellia tonkinensis (Pitard) Cohen-Stuart (fig. 74)

9.13. Camellia sonthaiensis Luu, Luong, Q. D. Nguyen & T. Q. T. Nguyen

9.14. Camellia amplexicaulis (Pitard) Cohen-Stuart (fig. 75)

9.15. Camellia murauchii T. Ninh & N. Hakoda

9.16. Camellia impressinervis H. T. Chang & S. Y. Liang ex H. T. Chang (fig. 76)

9.17. Camellia phanii N. Hakoda & T. Ninh (photo 13)

9.18. Camellia petelotii (Merr.) J. R. Sealy (fig. 77)

9.19. Camellia thanxaensa N. Hakoda & S. Kirino (photo 14)

9.20. Camellia euphlebia Merr. ex J. R. Sealy (fig. 78)

9.21. Camellia indochinensis Merr. (fig. 79)

9.22. Camellia rubiflora T. Ninh & N. Hakoda

Sect.3. CYLINDRICEA T. L. Ming

9.23. Camellia cylindricea T. L. Ming (fig. 80)

Sect.4. THEA (L.) Dyer

9.24. Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze (fig. 81)

9.24a. Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze var. assamica (J. W. Masters) Kitamura (fig. 82, photo 16)

Sect.5. LONGIPEDICELLATA H. T. Chang

9.25. Camellia gracilipes Merr. ex J. R. Sealy (fig. 83)

Sect.6. CORALLINA J. R. Sealy

9.26. Camellia corallina (Gagnep.) J. R. Sealy (fig. 84)

9.27. Camellia nematodea (Gagnep.) J. R. Sealy (fig. 85)

9.28. Camellia nervosa (Gagnep.) H. T. Chang (fig. 86)

9.29. Camellia crassiphylla T. Ninh & N. Hakoda

9.30. Camellia gilbertii (A. Chev. ex Gagnep.) J. R. Sealy (fig. 87)

9.31. Camellia pubicosta Merr. (fig. 88)

9.32. Camellia inusitata Orel, Curry & Luu (fig. 89)

Sect.7. THEOPSIS Cohen-Stuart

9.33. Camellia glabricostata T. L. Ming (fig. 90)

9.34. Camellia forrestii (Diels) Cohen-Stuart (fig. 91)

9.35. Camellia tsaii Hu (fig. 92)

9.36. Camellia elongata (Rehd. & Wils.) Rehd. (fig. 93)

9.37. Camellia tsingpienensis Hu (fig. 94)

Sect.8. ERIANDRIA Cohen-Stuart

9.38. Camellia caudata Wall. (fig. 95)

9.39. Camellia cordifolia (Metc.) Nakai (fig. 96)

Subgen.2. CAMELLIA

Sect.9. HETEROGENEA J. R. Sealy

9.40. Camellia fleuryi (A. Chev.) J. R. Sealy (fig. 97)

9.41. Camellia gaudichaudii (Gagnep.) J. R. Sealy (fig. 98)

9.42. Camellia furfuracea (Merr.) Cohen-Stuart (fig. 99, photo 17)

Sect.10. STEREOCARPUS (Pierre) J. R. Sealy

9.43. Camellia dormoyana (Pierre ex Lanessan) J. R. Sealy (fig. 100)

Sect.11. CAMELLIA

9.44. Camellia yokdonensis Dung & N. Hakoda (photo 15)

9.45. Camellia hongkongensis Seem. (fig. 101)

9.46. Camellia japonica L. (fig. 102)

9.47a. Camellia polyodonta var. longicaudata (H. T. Chang & S. Y. Liang) T. L. Ming
(fig. 103)

Sect.12. PARACAMELLIA J. R. Sealy

9.48. Camellia oleifera Abel (fig. 104)

9.48a. Camellia oleifera Abel var. confusa (Craib) J. R. Sealy (fig. 105)

9.49. Camellia sasanqua Thunb. (fig. 106) (fig. 106)

9.50. Camellia vietnamensis Huang ex Hu (fig. 107)

9.51. Camellia kissi Wall. (fig. 108, photo 18)

Not Section:

9.52. Camellia rosmannii T. Ninh (fig. 109)

9.53. Camellia huulungensis J. C. Rosmann & T. Ninh (fig. 110)

9.54. Camellia langbianensis (Gagnep.) Phamh. (fig. 111)

10. TUTCHERIA Dunn. (2 sp., 1 var.)

10.1. Tutcheria spectabilis (Champ.) Dunn (fig. 112)

10.2a. Tutcheria hirta var. cordatula Li

10.3. Tutcheria microcarpa Dunn

11. PYRENARIA Blume (5 sp., 1 var.)

11.1. Pyrenaria jonquieriana Pierre ex Laness. (fig. 113)

11.2. Pyrenaria poilaneana Gagnep. (fig. 114)

11.3. Pyrenaria multisepala (Merr. & Chun) Keng (fig. 115)

11.4. Pyrenaria diospyricarpa Kurz (fig. 116)

11.4a. Pyrenaria diospyricarpa Kurz var. camelliaeflora (Kurz) S. X. Yang

11.5. Pyrenaria serrata Blume (fig. 117)

II. KEY TO THE GENERA OF THEACEAE IN VIETNAM

1A.	Plants bissexual, unisexual or androdioecious; flowers usually small; stamens in 2 whorls; anthers basifixed. Fruit baccate or berry	(Subfam.1. Ternstroemioideae).
2A.	Flowers larger than 1 cm in diam.; ovary-cells 1-7 ovules. Seeds longer than 3 mm	(Trib.1. Ternstroemieae).
3A.	Flowers bissexual; ovary half inferior .	1. ANNESLEA
3B.	Flowers unisexual, androdioecious; ovary superior.	2.TERNSTROEMIA
2B.	Flowers less than 1 cm in diam.; ovary-cells much than 7 ovules; seeds less than 2 mm	(Trib.2. Adinandreae).
4A.	Flowers bissexual; anthers pubescent.
5A.	Ovary 3-5-loculed; with many ovules per locule (more than 20); seeds less than 1 mm	3. ADINANDRA
5B.	Ovary 2-3-loculed; ovary with several ovules (less than20) per locule; seeds 1-2 mm long.	4. CLEYERA
4B.	Flowers monoecious or dioecious; anthers glabrous.	5. EURYA
1B.	Plants bissexual; flowers usually large; stamens numerous, in 2-6 whorls; anthers dorsifixed; capsule or drupaceous	(Subfam.2. Theoideae)
6A.	Seeds with a narrow wing.
7A.	Petiole with wing; fruit ovoid to conic; sepals persistent in fruit; columella in fruit degenerating or only extending ca. 1/2 of locule length	(Trib.3. Stewartieae) 6. HARTIA
7B.	Petiole wingless; fruit globose to oblate; sepals caducous or if persistent not enveloping fruit; columella in fruit extending ca. 2/3 or more locule length.	(Trib.4. Gordonieae)
8A.	Seeds with an apical wing; fruit oblong.	7. GORDONIA
8B.	Seeds marginally winged; capsule flattened globose.	8. SCHIMA
6B.	Seeds wingless; globose or trigonous.	(Trib.5. Theeae)
9A.	Capsule dehiscent from apex or from base.
10A.	Capsule dehiscent from apex; hilum umbilicate.	9. CAMELLIA
10B.	Capsule dehiscent from base; hilum ovoid.	10. TUTCHERIA
9B.	Fruit drupaceous; hilum linear or elliptic.	11. PYRENARIA

III. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THEACEAE D. Don IN VIETNAM

3.1. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ANNESLEA IN VIETNAM

1A.	Pedicel longer than 20 mm.
2A.	Secondary veins visible.
3A.	Lateral veins 10-12 per side; anther-cells equal; overy not seated on a disc.	1. A. fragrans
3B.	Lateral veins 5-6 per side; Anther-cells unequal; ovary seated on cornic disc	2. A. dongnaiensis
2B.	Secondary veins obscure.	1a. A. fragrans var. ternstroemioides
1B.	Petiole very short or sessile; secondary veins adaxially obscure	3. A. paradoxa

3.2. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF TERNSTROEMIA IN VIETNAM

1A.	Venation not visible.
2A.	Sepals persistent at compressed-globose fruit.	1. T. kwangtungensis
2B.	Sepals persistent at fruit globose with acute apex.
3A.	Stigma 3-lobed	2a. T. pseudoverticillata var. medionalis
3B.	Stigma 4-lobed.	3. T. chapaensis
1B.	Venation visible.
4A.	Secondary veins 5 on each side of midvein; stigma 3-lobed	4. T. gymnanthera
4B.	Secondary veins 11-13 on each side of midvein, stigma 2-lobed, lobe laminar.	5. T. penangiana

3.3. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ADINANDRA IN VIETNAM

1A.	Ovary, fruit pubescent.
2A.	Style glabrous.
3A.	Ovary 5-loculed.	1. A. lienii
3B.	Ovary 3-loculed.	2. A. bockiana  A. bockiana var. bockiana 2a. A. bockiana var. acutifolia 2b. A. bockiana var. tonkinensis
2B.	Style pubescent.
4A.	Branches pubescent at least when young.
5A.	Petals glabrous.
6A.	Lateral veins 14-16 per side, not anastomosing towards the margins.	3. A. poilanei
6B.	Lateral veins 10-12 per side, anastomosing towards the margins.	4. A. hirta
5B.	Petals pubescent.
7A.	Leaf blade abaxially glandular punctate.
8A.	Glandular punctate yellowish brown; bracteoles lanceolate, 3-4 mm long.	5. A. hainanensis
8B.	Glandular punctate black; bracteoles suborbicular, 2 mm long	6. A. integerrima
7B.	Leaf blade abaxially not glandular punctate.
9A.	Margin glandular-serrate.
10A.	Style longer than obvary 2-3 times, ovary globose	7. A. annamensis
10B.	Style short, ovary conic.	8. A. megaphylla
9B.	Margin not glandular-serrate or subentire.
11A.	Pedicel 1 cm long; apex acuminate.	9. A. grandifolia
11B.	Pedicel 2.5-2.7 cm long; apex long acuminate to caudate	10. A. caudata
4B.	Branches glabrous.	11. A. millettii A. millettii var. millettii 11a. A. millettii var. dalatensis
1B.	Ovary, fruit glabrous.
12A.	Sepals inside puberulent.	12. A. dongnaiensis
12B.	Sepals inside glabous.	13. A. microcarpa

3.4. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CLEYERA IN VIETNAM

Ovary 2-3-loculed; ovary with several ovules (less than 20) per locule; seeds 1-2 mm long

C. japonica

3.5. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF EURYA IN VIETNAM

1A.	Ovary glabrous.
2A.	Young branches glabrous.
3A.	Styles 2, basally united.	1. E. stenophylla E. stenophylla var. stenophylla 1a. E. stenophylla var. caudata
3B.	Styles 3.
4A.	Style apically 3-parted to almost distinct	2. E. tonkinensis
4B.	Styles 3, variously connate.
5A.	Branches ribbed.
6A.	Branches 4-ribbed.
7A.	Leaves obolanceolate, lateral veins 8-10 per side	3. E. tetragonoclada
7B.	Leaves oblong-lanceolate, lateral veins 20 per side.	4. E. polyneura
​6B.	Branches 2-ribbed.
8A.	Anthers locellate; terminal bud white pubescent	5. E. persicaefolia
8B.	Anthers not locellate; terminal bud glabrous.
9A.	Sepal margins not glandular.
10A.	Lateral veins 9-12 per side; styles 2-3 mm long	6. E. nitida
10B.	Lateral veins 5-7 per side; styles 1.5 mm long	7. E. japonica E. japonica var. japonica
9B.	Sepal margins glandular.	8. E. subintegia
5B.	Branches terete.
11A.	Leaf blade margin obtusely serrate.	9. E. muricata
11B.	Leaf blade margin entire or subentire.	10a. E. cuneata var. glabra
2B.	Young branches pubescent.
12A.	Sepals outside glabrous.
13A.	Young branches 2-ribbed; fruit subglobose, style apically 3-lobed.	11. E. chinensis
13B.	Young branches terete, fruit ovoid, style apiclly 5(-3)-lobed	12. E. prunifolia
12B.	Sepals outside pubescent.
14A.	Currrent year branchlets terete.
15A.	Ovary 5-loculed	13. E. quinquelocularis
15B.	Ovary 3-locuked.
16A.	Leaf blade spathulate	14. E. turfosa
16B.	Leaf blade lanceolate.
17A.	Petioles less than 3 mm long; leaf blade less than 10 cm long.
18A.	Petioles 1 mm long	15. E. groffii
18B.	Petioles 2-3 mm long	16. E. acuminata
17B.	Petole 10 mm long; leaves large, ca 20 cm long	17. E. cerasifolia
14B.	Currrent year branchlets ribbed.
19A.	Leaves broadly oval	7a. E. japonica var. harmandii
19B.	Leavea ovate	18. E. tsingpienensis
1B.	Ovary pubescent.
20A.	Young branches glabrous	19. E. trichocarpa
20B.	Young branches pubescent.
21A.	Branches terete.
22A.	Leaf blade lanceolate.
23A.	Currrent year branchlets densely sapreading villous.
24A.	Young branches black villous, persistent	20. E. ciliata
24B.	Currrent year branchlets yellow pubescent; then glabrescent	21. E. laotica
23B.	Currrent year branchlets pubescent.	22. E. distichophylla E. distichophylla var. distichophylla 22a. E. distichophylla form. asymmetrica
22B.	Leaf blade oblong.
25A.	Styles 4-5-parted	23. E. megatrichocarpa
25B.	Styles 3-parted	24. E. henryi
21B.	Branches ribbed	25. E. gnaphalocarpa

3.6. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF HARTIA IN VIETNAM

1A.	Fruit white; ovary pubescenst
2A.	Leaf blade margin entire; leaves 3-6 × 2-2.5 cm; lateral nerves 10-12 pairs	1. H. tonkinensis
2B.	Leaf blade margin serrate; leaves 5-11.5 × 3.5-5 cm; lateral nerves 16 pairs	2a. H. villosa var. kwangtungensis
1B.	Flower yellowish; ovary glabrous.	3. H. yunnanensis

3.7. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF GORDONIA IN VIETNAM

1A.	Ovary 3-5-loculed. Capsule 3-5 coccals.
2A.	Number of locules variable in same species.
3A.	Lateral veins 20 pairs; flowers dark pink or red, 5-6(7) cm in diam	1. G. huongiana
3B.	Lateral veins 7-8 pairs; flowers white, 4 cm in diam	2. G. hainanensis
2B.	Number of locules fixed, either 3 or 5 locular.
4A.	Ovary 3 loculed.
5A.	Below sepal apex concave and revolute, the rest ones more or less spreading	3. G. intricata
5B.	Below sepal apex neither concave and nor spreading	4. G. balansae
4B.	Ovary 5 loculed or more than 5 loculed.
6A.	Young branches pubescent.
7A.	Leaf blade apex obtuse, rounded or emarginte; flowers terminal, pink or white-yellowish	5. G. axillaris G. axillaris var. axillaris 5a. G. axillaris form. subemarginata 5b. G. axillaris var. crenata
7B.	Leaf blade apex acute; flowers axillary, white	6. G. longicarpa
6B.	Young branches glabrous.
8A.	Flowers 1-2 cm in diam; leaf blade margin entire	7. G. tonkinensis
8B.	Flowers 6-7 cm in diam; leaf blade margin obscurely crenate	8. G. bidoupensis
1B.	Ovary 7-loculed; Capsule with 7 coccals	9. G. gigantiflora

3.8. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SCHIMA IN VIETNAM

1A.	Leaf blade margin entire.
2A.	Leaf blade abaxially silvery sericeous	1. S. argentea
2B.	Leaf blade abaxially not silvery sericeous.
3A.	Young branches, petioles, sepals pubecent. Flowers large, 3-4 cm in diam	2. S. wallichii
3B.	Young branches, petioles, sepals glabrous. Flowers small, 1.5-2 cm in diam.	3. S. noronhae
1B.	Leaf blade margin variously crenate, serrate.
4A.	Leaf blade margin undulate crenate; capsule small, 1.5-2 cm in diam.	4. S. crenata
4B.	Leaf blade margin serrate; capsule large, 3 cm in diam	5. S. khasiana

3.9. KEY TO THE SECTION OF CAMELLIA IN VIETNAM (According to T. L. Ming, 1999)

1A.	Flowers clearly pedicellate; bracteoles at pedicel, persistent rarely caducous; sepals persistent.	Subgen.1. Thea
2A.	Styles free.
3A.	Leaves large, up to 44 cm long, margin entire, slightly revolute; flowers usually 3-5 in short raceme.	Sect.1. Piquetia
3B.	Leaves medium or small, magin serrate; flowers solitary.
4A.	Bracteoles (4-)5 or more; flowers usually large; gynoecium and stamens equal to petal length; outer filaments below middle connate; ovary and young fruit lobulate at the top.	Sect.2. Archecamellia
4B.	Bracteoles 0-1-2(-3); flowers small; gynoecium, stamens shorter than a half of petal length; outer filaments usually nearly distinct; ovary and young fruit not lobulated at the top.	Sect.6. Corallina
2B.	Style united.
5A.	Leaves rather large; flowers large; stamens in 3-5 whorls, basal 1/2 of outer whorl free or connate; fruit 3-5 loculed; columella persistent.
6A.	Bracteoles 5-6, persistent; ovary cylindrical.	Sect.3. Cylindricea
6B.	Bracteoles 2-4, caducous or persistent; ovary globose.
7A.	Pedicel short or stout, less than 1 cm long; bracteoles caducous; flowers and fruits rather large; columella stout.	Sect.4. Thea
7B.	Pedicel slender, (1.5-)2-3.5(-4.2) cm long; bracteoles caducous or persistent; flowers and fruits small; columella delicate	Sect.5. Longipedicellata
5B.	Leaves rather small; flowers small; stamens in 2 whorls, outer filament whorl basally connate for over 2/3 of length; fruit small, only 1 locule fertile, columella abortive.
8A.	Petals outside glabrous; ovary and style glabrous.	Sect.7. Theopsis
8B.	Petales outside farinose; ovary and style gfabrous pubescent.	Sect.8. Eriandria
1B.	Flowers sessile; bracteoles contiguous with sepals; bracts, sepals halft caducous or persistent.	Subgen.2. Camellia
9A.	Styles free.	Sect.9. Heterogenea
9B.	Styles more or less connate.
10A.	Bracteoles and-sepals persistent at fruit.	Sect.10. Stereocarpus
10B.	Bracteoles and sepals caducous after anthesis, or more or less persistent.
11A.	Bracteoles and sepals caducous together with-petals or more or less persistent; petals basally connate; gymnoecium, stamens as long as the pepals; basal 1/2 of outer filament whorl connate; styles apically 3-5-lobed.	Sect.11. Camellia
11B.	Bracteoles and sepals caducous; petals free or nearly so; gymnoecium, stamens as long as half of petals; styles deeply parted or parted to base.	Sect.12. Paracamellia

3.9.1. KEY TO THE SPECIES CAMELLIA IN Sect.1. PIQUETIA IN VIETNAM

1A.	Flowers yellow or pink; petals pentagonal shape; leaf base rounded-acute; lateral veins 22 pairs, petiole 20 mm long.	1. C. dongnaiensis
1B.	Flowers purplish red; petals suborbiculate; leaf base rounded or cordate, lateral veins 30-40 pairs, petioles to 10 mm long.	2. C. piquetiana

3.9.2. KEY TO THE SPECIES CAMELLIA IN Sect.2. ARCHECAMELLIA IN VIETNAM

1A.	Ovary 5-loculed.
2A.	Ovary pubescent.
3A.	Leaves large, oblong (25-40 × 6-8 cm).
4A.	Bracts 5-6; leaf blade base deeply cordate; inner filament whorl connate into a tube with pubescences at basal 1/2 of tube	3(1). C. krempfii
4B.	Bracts 1-2; leaf blade base obtuse or rounded; inner flament whorl free to base and glabrous	4(2). C. vidalii
3B.	Leaves small, leaf blade base rounded or subcordate (6-15 × 2.4-4.5 cm).
5A.	Sepals 5-6.	5(3). C. flava
5B.	Sepals 8-9.	6(4). C. cucphuongensis
2B.	Ovary glabrous.
6A.	Leaf blade thinly leathery, margin undulate crenate or obscurely crenate, secondary veins adaxially obscure or slightly raised, reticulate veins obscure; petioles to 5-6 mm long; pedicels 1-1.3 cm; sepals large, 1.5-2.5 cm long, outside tawny-velutinous.	7(5). C. pleurocarpa
6B.	Leaf blade rigidly leathery, margin serrulate, secondary veins and reticulate veins adaxially clearly impressed; petioles to 7-10(-20) mm long; pedicels 5-7 mm; sepals small, 4-6 mm long, both surface glabrous	8(6). C. aurea
1B.	Ovary 3-loculed.
7A.	Ovary tomentose.
8A.	Young branches pubescent; secondary veins more or less adaxially impressed.
9A.	Leaves 24-26 cm long, base cordate.
10A.	Leaf blade oblong, 8-8.5 cm wide; pedicels 3-4 mm; sepals 9-14 mm.	9(7). C. calcicola
10B.	Leaf blade elliptic, 11 cm wide ; pedicels 6-8 mm; sepals 20-30 mm.	10(8). C. megasepala
9B.	Leaves 18-20 cm long, base rounded.	11(9). C. hirsuta
8B.	Young branches glabrous; secondary veins raised on both surfaces.
11A.	Ovary usually 3-loculed; petals 10-12; leaf blade elliptic .	12(10). C. tonkinensis
11B.	Ovary 3-loculed but also 4-loculed; petals 7; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate.	13(11). C. sonthaiensis
7B.	Ovary glabrous.
12A.	Leaf blade thickly leathery, base cordate and auriculate and amplexicaul.
13A.	Ovary seated on a conic receptacle; leaf blade 12-22 cm long, secondary veins 11-13 pairs	14(12). C. amplexicaulis
13B.	Ovary not seated on a conic receptacle; leaf blade 27.3-33.5 cm long, secondary veins 17-20 pairs	15(13). C. murauchii
12B.	Leaf blade leathery or thinly leathery, base cuneate to rounded.
14A.	Flowers yellow or yellowish or white, filaments glabrous.
15A.	Accessory buds large, long terete; young branches, leaf blade abaxially, petioles pubescent, leaf blade midvein and secondary veins adaxially clearly impressed	16(14). C. impressinervis
15B.	Accessory buds small, ovoid; young branches, leaf blade abaxially, petioles glabrous; leaf blade midvein and secondary veins adaxially more or less impressed or not.
16A.	Bracteoles 7-10; flowers large (3.5-) 4-6 cm in diam; petals golden yellow; fruit large, 4-6 cm in diam.
17A.	Leaf blade oblong-elliptic or oblong.
18A.	Pedicels 10-15 mm.
19A.	Petals 16-18; stamens 400.	17(15). C. phanii
19B.	Petals 8-14; stamens ca. 200.	18(16). C. petelotii
18B.	Pedicels 7-8 mm.	19(17). C. thanxaensa
17B.	Leaf blade elliptic; pedicels 4-5 mm	20(18). C. euphlebia
16B.	Bracteoles 5(-6); flowers mediun-sized or rather small, white; fruit small, less than 4 cm in diam.	21(19). C. indochinensis
14B.	Flowers red; filaments pubescent at basal.	22(20). C. rubiflora

3.9.3. KEY TO THE SPECIES CAMELLIA IN Sect.3. CYLINDRICEA IN VIETNAM

Bracteoles 5-6, persistent; ovary cylindrical

23(1). C. cylindricea

3.9.4. KEY TO THE SPECIES CAMELLIA IN Sect.4. THEA IN VIETNAM

1A.	Pedicels 6-10 mm long; sepals more or less pubescent on both surfaces	24(1). C. sinensis C. sinensis var. sinensis
1B.	Pedicels 3-6 mm long; sepals inside glabrous.	24a(1). C. sinensis var. assamica

3.9.5. KEY TO THE SPECIES CAMELLIA IN Sect.5. LONGIPEDICELLATA IN VIETNAM

Pedicels slender; bracteoles persistent or caducous; flowers and fruits small; columella delicate

25(1). C. gracilipes

3.9.6. KEY TO THE SPECIES CAMELLIA IN Sect.6. CORALLINA IN VIETNAM

1A.	Bracteole none or only 1 on pedicel.
2A.	Leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, 6.5-11 cm long, apex acuminate; pedicels 6-7 mm long, without bracteoles on pedicel; ovary tomentose.	26(1). C. corallina
2B.	Leaf blade elliptic, 4.5-6.5 cm long, apex obtuse; pedicels 2-3 mm long, bracteole 1; ovary glabrous.	27(2). C. nematodea
1B.	Bracteoles 2-3 on pedicel.
3A.	Ovary glabrous.
4A.	Young branches, leaves, petioles glabrous.
5A.	Lateral veins 5-7 pairs, leaf base cuneate; flowers very small-sized	28(3). C. nervosa
5B.	Lateral veins 8-9 pairs, leaf base rounded or cordate; flowers large 4-4.3 cm in diam	29(4). C. crassiphylla
4B.	Young branches, leaves, petioles slightly pubescent	30(5). C. gilbertii
3B.	Ovary villous
6A.	Leaf base obtuse-rounded; fruits globose, 1-loculed with 1 seed	31(6). C. pubicosta
6B.	Leaf base cordate, sha,llowly amplexicaul; fruits compressed globose, 3-loculed with 6-seed.	32(7). C. inusitata

3.9.7. KEY TO THE SPECIES CAMELLIA IN Sect.7. THEOPSIS IN VIETNAM

1A.	Young branches glabrous	33(1). C. glabricostata
1B.	Young branches pubescent.
2A.	Filaments glabrous.
3A.	Style divised to middle; sepals outside glabrous.	34(2). C. forrestii
3B.	Style only divised apically; sepals pubescent on both surfaces.	35(3). C. tsaii
2B.	Filaments pubescent in free part.
4A.	Pedicels 7-10 mm; calyx ca. 2/3 connate into a hight cup.	36(4). C. elongata
4B.	Pedicels ca. 2 mm; calyx nearly free.	37(5). C. tsingpienensis

3.9.8. KEY TO THE SPECIES CAMELLIA IN Sect.8. ERIANDRIA IN VIETNAM

1A.	Leaf blade base rounded; young branches pubescent; sepal apex rounded	38(1). C. caudata
1B.	Leaf blade base cordate; young branches villous; sepal apex acute.	39(2). C. cordifolia

3.9.9. KEY TO THE SPECIES CAMELLIA IN Sect.9. HETEROGENEA IN VIETNAM

1A.	Leaf blade abaxially not glandular; ovary glabrous.	40(1). C. fleuryi
1B.	Leaf blade abaxially clearly glandular punctate; ovary tomentose.
2A.	Apex obtuse-rounded.	41(2). C. gaudichaudii
2B.	Apex acute	42(3). C. furfuracea

3.9.10. KEY TO THE SPECIES CAMELLIA IN Sect.10. STEREOCARPUS IN VIETNAM

Styles more or less connate; bracteoles and sepals persistent at fruit

43(1). C. dormoyana

3.9.11. KEY TO THE SPECIES CAMELLIA IN Sect.11. CAMELLIA IN VIETNAM

1A.	Bracts and sepals (perules) 6-8	44(1). C. yokdonensis
1B.	Bracts and sepals (perules) 9-10.
2A.	Ovary tomentose.	45(2). C. hongkongensis
2B.	Ovary glabrous.
3A.	Bracts and sepals more or less persistent.	46(3). C. japonica
3B.	Bracts and sepals together petals decidous after anthesis	47a(4a). C. polyodonta var. longicaudata

3.9.12. KEY TO THE SPECIES CAMELLIA IN Sect.12. PARACAMELLIA IN VIETNAM

1A.	Style glabrous or basally pubescent.
2A.	Capsule 1.7-2.2 cm large; filaments white.
3A.	Style 9-10 mm; leaves obovate; stigmas 3 speading	48(1). C. oleifera C. oleifera var. oleifera
3B.	Style 4-6 mm; leaves oblanceolate or elliptic; stigmas 3 slightly slanding	48a(1a). C. oleifera var. confusa
2B.	Capsule 1.5-1.8 cm large; filaments yellow	49(4). C. sasanqua
1B.	Style variously villose.
4A.	Style sparsely pilose; flowers large, 7-11 cm in diam; pericarp 6-9 mm thick	50(2). C. vietnamensis
4B.	Style villose; flowers smaller, 2-3 cm in diam; pericarp 1.5 mm thick.	51(3). C. kissi

3.9.13. KEY TO THE SPECIES CAMELLIA IN Sect. NOT ARRANGED YET IN VIETNAM

1A.	Ovary 3-loculed, styles 3, free to base; leaves glabous when young.
2A.	Bracts and sepals pubescent.	52(1). C. rosmannii
2B.	Bracts and sepals glabrous.	53(2). C. huulungensis
1B.	Ovary 5-loculed, styles 5, connate; leaves velutinous when young.	54(3). C. langbianensis

3.10. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF TUTCHERIA IN VIETNAM

1A.	Ovary 5-6-locular.	1. T. spectabilis
1B.	Ovary 3-locular.
2A.	Leaf blade base rounded or cordate.	2a. T. hirta var. cordatula
2B.	Leaf blade base cuneate.	3. T. microcarpa

3.11. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PYRENARIA IN VIETNAM

1A.	Drupe oblong with three obtuse angles.	1. P. jonquieriana
1B.	Drupe globose or ovoid.
2A.	Ovary 3-loculed; fruit globose.
3A.	Flowers white.	2. P. poilaneana
3B.	Flowers yellow.	3. P. multisepala
2B.	Ovary 5-loculed, apically 5-6-lobed, globose or obovoid.
4A.	Leaves with intermediate veins; margin sparsely undulate-serrulate or obscurely crenate.	4. P. diospyricarpa P. diospyricarpa var. diospyricarpa 4a. P. diospyricarpa var. camelliaeflora
4B.	Leaves not intermediate veins, margin serulate.	5. P. serrata

 

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LỜI NÓI ĐẦU

Động vật chí và Thực vật chí là những tài liệu cơ bản về khu hệ động vật, thực vật, nguồn lợi sinh vật của mỗi nước, được coi như tài liệu chính thống, để sử dụng vào nghiên cứu, giảng dạy, khai thác và bảo vệ nguồn lợi sinh vật, tính đa dạng sinh học của nước đó. Đây cũng là kết quả của cả quá trình hoạt động điều tra khảo sát, nghiên cứu về khu hệ động vật, thực vật, được tổng hợp, thẩm định và công bố.

Nhằm đáp ứng yêu cầu phát triển kinh tế xã hội, khoa học công nghệ nước ta trong giai đoạn mới, Trung tâm Khoa học tự nhiên và Công nghệ Quốc gia (nay là Viện Hàn lâm Khoa học và Công nghệ Việt Nam) đã giao cho Viện Sinh thái và Tài nguyên sinh vật chủ trì, tập hợp một lực lượng đông đảo cán bộ khoa học trong cả nước, soạn thảo và công bố lần lượt từ năm 1996 tới năm 2007 được 25 tập Động vật chí và 11 tập Thực vật chí Việt Nam do Nhà xuất bản Khoa học và Kỹ thuật phát hành.

Cụm công trình Động vật chí và Thực vật chí Việt Nam cùng với Sách Đỏ và Danh lục Đỏ Việt Nam trong các giai đoạn này đã vinh dự được nhận Giải thưởng Hồ Chí Minh
về khoa học và công nghệ năm 2012 và Trung tâm Sách kỷ lục Việt Nam cấp giấy xác lập kỷ lục là bộ sách nhiều tập nhất.

Các tài liệu đã xuất bản, tuy chất lượng về nội dung và hình thức còn tiếp tục phải hoàn thiện, song đã đáp ứng được một phần yêu cầu bức thiết của hoạt động nghiên cứu, sản xuất, bảo vệ tài nguyên, đa dạng sinh vật và môi trường ở nước ta hiện nay.

Việc biên soạn và xuất bản tiếp tục các tập Động vật chí, Thực vật chí Việt Nam đã được Nhà nước giao cho Viện Hàn lâm Khoa học và Công nghệ Việt Nam, và Viện Sinh thái và Tài nguyên sinh vật vẫn với trách nhiệm là cơ quan chủ trì, dưới hình thức một đề tài độc lập cấp Nhà nước trong giai đoạn 2008-2010 mang mã số ĐTĐL-2008G/3.

Ấn phẩm này được xuất bản là nhờ hoạt động của đề tài Nhà nước nói trên, song nó là kết quả của sự tích luỹ tư liệu hàng chục năm và kế thừa các kết quả, kinh nghiệm biên soạn, biên tập của giai đoạn 1996-2005. Trong tập sách này, chúng tôi đã trích dẫn nhiều tài liệu khoa học có liên quan do các tác giả, đồng nghiệp đã công bố. Ban chủ nhiệm đề tài và tác giả tập sách này xin chân thành cảm ơn các nhà khoa học và các tác giả trong và ngoài nước đã giúp đỡ và thông cảm. Hy vọng rằng các tập sách về Động vật chí, Thực vật chí Việt Nam được xuất bản sẽ đáp ứng được mong mỏi của giới khoa học và của toàn xã hội.

 

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