ABSTRACT

FLORA OF VIETNAM 18
GESNERIACEAE Dumort. 1822
(1 subfamily, 6 tribe, 31 genera, 147 species, 1 varietiy)

INTRODUCTION

Family Gesneriaceae Dumort. comprises of approximately 140 genera and 3000 species, which is distributed mainly from tropical to subtropical in Africa, Central and South America, East and South Asia, Europe, Oceania. Vietnam has 31 genera, with 147 species, 1 variety, which occur in all parts, especially lime-stone mountains of the North. Family Gesneriaceae Dumort. is also very important from the economic point of view.

The taxonomy of Gesneriaceae has been worked out by many authors such as: Dumort. (1822), G. Bentham & J. D. Hooker (1876), K. Fritsch (1895), H. Melchior (1964), A. Takhtajan (1987, 1996), V. H. Heywood (1996) etc.

In Indo-china and Vietnam, variuos foreigner authors also researched on the Gesneriaceae such as J. Loureiro (1790), F. Pellegrin (1926, 1930), etc, whereas some Vietnamese authors also contributed to the taxonomy of Gesneriaceae such as Le Kha Ke (1971), Pham Hoang Ho (1970, 1993, 2000), Nguyen Tien Ban (1984, 1997), Vu Xuan Phuong (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008). In other hand, some publication about the uses of Gesneriaceae in Vietnam were also published by Vo Van Chi (1997, 2012), Do Huy Bich & al. (2004), etc.

In the countries neighbouring Vietnam, several authors studied Gesneriaceae such as C. B. Clarke (1883, 1884) in India, W. T. Wang (1990, 1998) in China, C. A. Barker & R. C. Kakhuizen (1965) in Indonesia and D. J. Middleton (2007) in Thailand. Z. R. Xu & al. (2008) and B. L. Burtt (1954-2008) studied Gesneriaceae of the world including Asia and Vietnam.

Flora of Vietnam-Volume 18-Gesneriaceae Dumort. will be a publication on taxonomy of Gesneriaceae in Vietnam. The information has been collected during decades of research, investigation, collection of specimens from all regions in Vietnam, specially in the regions with suitable habitat. Specimens from lime-stone mountains of North of Vietnam. Voucher specimens kept in different herbaria such as the herbarium of Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Hanoi, Vietnam (HN); Herbarium of Forest Inventory and Planning Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam (HNF); Herbarium of National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hanoi, Vietnam (HNPM); Herbarium of Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam (HNU); Herbarium of Institute of Tropical Biology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (HM);… Museum National d’ Histoile Naturalle Paris, France (P); Herbarium of Kunming Botanical Institute, Academia Sinica, Kunming, Yunnan, China (KUN); Herbarium of Institute of Botany Kwangxi, China (IBK), Herbarium of the South China Botanical Garden, China (IBSC) were also studied.

This book has 418 pages, including: Introdution, morphology of Gesneriaceae in Vietnam, taxonomy publications, Vietnamese system of classification for Gesneriaceae, keys to genera and species or varieties. Accepted Latin name of each taxon along with Vietnamese name has been mentioned. Their description, synonyms, morphology, type, ecology and habitat, distribution in Vietnam and the other coutries, examined specimens, uses, notes (wherever applicable) are given. In addition, there are 151 figures, 54 colour photo, index in Latin names, index in Vietnamese names and referances.

In this book, we have used some other author’s works such as drawings, pictures with acknowledgement. Following is the species list of Gesneriaceae in Vietnam.

I. CHECKLIST OF THE TAXA IN FAMILY OF GESNERIACEAE Dumort
IN VIETNAM

(1 subfam., 6 trib., 31 gen., 147 sp., 1 var.)

Trib.1. RAMONDIEAE Fristch (1 gen., 1 sp.)

1. CONANDRON Sieb. & Zucc. (1 sp.)

1.1. Conandron ramondioides Sieb. & Zucc. (fig. 7)

Trib.2. DIDYMOCARPEAE Endl. (20 gen., 99 sp., 1 var.)

2. BOEICA C. B. Clarke (4 sp.)

2.1. Boeica ferruginea Drake (fig. 8)

2.2. Boeica porosa C. B. Clarke (fig. 9)

2.3. Boeica stolonifera K. Y. Pan (fig. 10)

2.4. Boeica confertiflora (Drake) Pellegr. (fig. 11, photo 1)

3. OREOCHARIS Benth. (2 sp., 1 var.)

3.1. Oreocharis aurea Dunn (fig. 12, photo 2)

3.1a. Oreocharis aurea var. cordato-ovata (C. Y. Wu ex. H. W. Li) K. Y. Pan et al. (fig. 13, photo 3)

3.2. Oreocharis auricula (S. Moore) C. B. Clarke (fig. 14)

4. BRIGGSIA Craib (1 sp.)

4.1. Briggsia dongxingensis Chun & K. Y. Pan (fig. 15)

5. RAPHIOCARPUS Chun (9 sp.)

5.1. Raphiocarpus annamensis (Pellegr.) B. L. Burtt (fig. 16)

5.2. Raphiocarpus sinicus W. Y. Chun (fig. 17)

5.3. Raphiocarpus begoniifolia (Lévl.) B. L. Burtt (fig. 18)

5.4. Raphiocarpus asper (Drake) B. L. Burtt (fig. 19, photo 4)

5.5. Raphiocarpus macrosiphon (Hance) B. L. Burtt (fig. 20)

5.6. Raphiocarpus tamdaoensis V. X. Phuong, D. T. Xuyen & Y. G. Wei (fig. 21, photo 5)

5.7. Raphiocarpus evrardii (Pellegr.) B. L. Burtt (fig. 22, photo 6)

5.8. Raphiocarpus petelotii (Pellegr.) B. L. Burtt (fig. 23)

5.9. Raphiocarpus clemensiae (Pellegr.) B. L. Burtt (fig. 24)

6. CATHAYANTHE W. Y. Chun (1 sp.)

6.1. Cathayanthe biflora W. Y. Chun (fig. 25)

7. BECCARINDA Kuntze (2 sp.)

7.1. Beccarinda erythrotricha W. T. Wang (fig. 26, photo 7)

7.2. Beccarinda tonkinensis (Pellegr.) B. L. Burtt (fig. 27, photo 8)

8. HEMIBOEA C. B. Clarke (5 sp.)

8.1. Hemiboea poilanei Pellegr. (fig. 28)

8.2. Hemiboea subcapitata C. B. Clarke (fig. 29, photo 9)

8.3. Hemiboea cavaleriei Lévl. (fig. 30, photo 10)

8.4. Hemiboea longisepala Z. Y. Li. (fig. 31)

8.5. Hemiboea rubribracteata Z. Y. Li & Y. Liu (fig. 32)

9. PETROCOSMEA Oliv. (3 sp.)

9.1. Petrocosmea condorensis (Pierre) Pellegr. (fig. 33)

9.2. Petrocosmea duclouxii Craib (fig. 34)

9.3. Petrocosmea minor Hemsl. (fig. 35)

10. HENCKELIA Spreng (6 sp.)

10.1. Henckelia ceratoscyphus (B. L. Burtt) D. J. Middleton & Mich. Moller (fig. 36)

10.2. Henckelia speciosa (Kurz) D. J. Middleton & Mich. Moller (fig. 37)

10.3. Henckelia anachoreta (Hance) D. J. Middleton & Mich. Moller (fig. 38, photo 11)

10.4. Henckelia fruticola (H. W. Li) D. J. Middleton & Mich. Moller

10.5. Henckelia grandifolia A. Dietr. (fig. 39, photo 12)

10.6. Henckelia pumila (D. Don) D. J. Middleton & Mich. Moller (fig. 40, photo 13)

11. PRIMULINA Hance (23 sp.)

11.1. Primulina gemella (D. Wood.) Y. Z. Wang (fig. 41, photo 14)

11.2. Primulina villosissima (W. T. Wang) Mich. Moller & J. A. Weber (fig. 42)

11.3. Primulina modesta (Kiew & T. H. Nguyen) Mich. Moller & J. A. Weber (fig. 43, photo 15)

11.4. Primulina cycnostyla (B. L. Burtt) Mich. Moller & J. A. Weber (fig. 44, photo 16)

11.5. Primulina laxiflora (W. T. Wang) Y. Z. Wang (fig. 45)

11.6. Primulina cordifolia (D. Fang & W. T. Wang) Y. Z. Wang (fig. 46)

11.7. Primulina balansae (Drake) Mich. Moller & J. A. Weber (fig. 47, photo 17)

11.8. Primulina colaniae (Pellegr.) Mich. Moller & J. A. Weber (fig. 48, photo 18)

11.9. Primulina wentsaii (D. Fang & L. Zeng) Y. Z. Wang (fig. 49)

11.10. Primulina minutimaculata (D. Fang & F. T. Wang) Y. Z. Wang (fig. 50)

11.11. Primulina eburnea (Hance) Y. Z. Wang (fig. 51)

11.12. Primulina lungzhouensis (W. T. Wang) Mich. Moller & J. A. Weber (fig. 52)

11.13. Primulina swinglei (Merr.) Mich. Moller & J. A. Weber (fig. 53, photo 20)

11.14. Primulina annamensis (Pellegr.) Mich. Moller & J. A. Weber (fig. 54, photo 19)

11.15. Primulina poilanei (Pellegr.) Mich. Moller & J. A. Weber (fig. 55, photo 21)

11.16. Primulina drakei (B. L. Burtt) Mich. Moller & J. A. Weber (fig. 56, photo 23)

11.17. Primulina minutihamata (D. Wood) Mich. Moller & J. A. Weber (fig. 57)

11.18. Primulina tamaiana (B. L. Burtt) Mich. Moller & J. A. Weber (fig. 58)

11.19. Primulina eberhardtii (Pellegr.) Mich. Moller & J. A. Weber (fig. 59)

11.20. Primulina longgangensis (W. T. Wang) Y. Z. Wang (fig. 60)

11.21. Primulina semicontorta (Pellegr.) Mich. Moller & J. A. Weber (fig. 61)

11.22. Primulina halongensis (Kiew & T. H. Nguyen) Mich. Moller & J. A. Weber
(fig. 62, photo 22)

11.23. Primulina hiepii (Kiew) Mich. Moller & J. A. Weber (fig. 63)

12. MICROCHIRITA (C. B. Clarke) Y. Z Wang (4 sp.)

12.1. Microchirita hamosa (R. Br.) Y. Z. Wang (fig. 64, photo 24)

12.2. Microchirita aratriformis (D. Wood) A. Weber & D. J. Middleton (fig. 65)

12.3. Microchirita involucrata (Craib) Y. Z. Wang (fig. 66)

12.4. Microchirita lavandulacea (Stapf) Y. Z. Wang (fig. 67)

13. LAGAROSOLEN W. T. Wang ­(1 sp.)

13.1. Lagarosolen hispidus W. T. Wang (fig. 68)

14. PSEUDOCHIRITA W. T. Wang (1 sp.)

14.1. Pseudochirita guangxiensis (S. Z. Huang) W. T. Wang (fig. 69, photo 25)

15. CALCAREOBOEA C. Y. Wu ex H. W. Li ­(1 sp.)

15.1. Calcareoboea coccinea C. Y. Wu ex H. W. Li (fig. 70, photo 26)

16. DIDYMOCARPUS Wall. ­(6 sp.)

16.1. Didymocarpus bonii Pellegr. (fig. 71)

16.2. Didymocarpus pulcher C. B. Clarke (fig. 72, photo 27)

16.3. Didymocarpus kerrii Craib (fig. 73)

16.4. Didymocarpus nanophyton C. Y. Wu ex H. W. Li. (fig. 74)

16.5. Didymocarpus poilanei Pellegr. (fig. 75)

16.6. Didymocarpus purpureobracteatus W. W. Smith (fig. 76)

17. GYROCHEILOS W. T. Wang (1 sp.)

17.1. Gyrocheilos chorisepalus W. T. Wang (fig. 77)

18. PARABOEA (C. B. Clarke) Ridl. (20 sp.)

18.1. Paraboea swinhoei (Hance) B. L. Burtt (fig. 78)

18.2. Paraboea glutinosa (Hand.-Mazz.) K. Y. Pan (fig. 79)

18.3. Paraboea thorelii (Pellegr.) B. L. Burtt (fig. 80)

18.4. Paraboea martinii (Lévl.) B. L. Burtt (fig. 81)

18.5. Paraboea sinensis (Oliv.) B. L. Burtt (fig. 82, photo 28)

18.6. Paraboea umbellata (Drake) B. L. Burtt (fig. 83)

18.7. Paraboea rufescens (Franch.) B. L. Burtt (fig. 84, photo 29)

18.8. Paraboea evrardii (Pellegr.) B. L. Burtt (fig. 85)

18.9. Paraboea multiflora (R. Br.) B. L. Burtt (fig. 86, photo 30)

18.10. Paraboea dictyoneura (Hance) B. L. Burtt (fig. 87)

18.11. Paraboea neurophylla (Coll. & Hemsl.) B. L. Burtt (fig. 88)

18.12. Paraboea graniticola Z. R. Xu (fig. 89)

18.13. Paraboea pubicorolla Z. R. Xu & B. L. Burtt (fig. 90)

18.14. Paraboea harroviana (Craib) Z. R. Xu (fig. 91)

18.15. Paraboea cochinchinensis (C. B. Clarke) B. L. Burtt (fig. 92)

18.16. Paraboea halongensis Kiew & T. H. Nguyen (fig. 93, photo 32)

18.17. Paraboea regularis (Ridl.) Ridl. (fig. 94)

18.18. Paraboea nutans D. Fang & D. H. Qin (fig. 95)

18.19. Paraboea filipes (Hance) B. L. Burtt (fig. 96)

18.20. Paraboea peltifolia D. Fang & L. Zeng (fig. 97)

19. BOEA Comm. ex Lamk. (2 sp.)

19.1. Boea clarkeana Hemsl. (fig. 98, photo 31)

19.2. Boea philippensis C. B. Clake (fig. 99)

20. ORNITHOBOEA Parish ex C. B. Clarke (6 sp.)

20.1. Ornithoboea feddei (Levl.) B. L. Burtt. (fig. 100, photo 33)

20.2. Ornithoboea obovata S. M. Scott (fig. 101, photo 34)

20.3. Ornithoboea emarginata D. J. Meddleton & N. S. Ly (fig. 102)

20.4. Ornithoboea calcicola C. Y. Wu ex H. W. Li (fig. 103)

20.5. Ornithoboea lacei Craib (fig. 104)

20.6. Ornithoboea wildeana Craib (fig. 105)

Trib.3. TRICHOSPOREAE Fritsch (4 gen. 32 sp.)

21. AESCHYNANTHUS Jack (18 sp.)

21.1. Aeschynanthus mendumiae D. J. Middleton (fig. 106, photo 35)

21.2. Aeschynanthus parviflorus (D. Don) Spreng. (fig. 107)

21.3. Aeschynanthus parasiticus (Roxb.) Wall. ex. R. Br. (fig. 108)

21.4. Aeschynanthus membranifolius (Cost.) D. J. Middleton (fig. 109, photo 36)

21.5. Aeschynanthus poilanei Pellegr. (fig. 110)

21.6. Aeschynanthus pulcher (Blume) G. Don (fig. 111, photo 37)

21.7. Aeschynanthus humilis Hemsl. (fig. 112)

21.8. Aeschynanthus fulgens Wall. ex R. Br. (fig. 113)

21.9. Aeschynanthus jouyi D. J. Middleton (fig. 114, photo 38)

21.10. Aeschynanthus chiritoides C. B. Clarke (fig. 115)

21.11. Aeschynanthus bracteatus Wall. ex A. DC. (fig. 116, photo 39)

21.12. Aeschynanthus superbus C. B. Clarke (fig. 117)

21.13. Aeschynanthus moningeriae (Merr.) W. Y. Chun (fig. 118)

21.14. Aeschynanthus pedunculatus D. J. Middleton (fig. 119)

21.15. Aeschynanthus buxifolius Hemsl. (fig. 120, photo 40)

21.16. Aeschynanthus acuminatus Wall. ex A. DC. (fig. 121, photo 41)

21.17. Aeschynanthus acuminatissimus W. T. Wang (fig. 122)

21.18. Aeschynanthus micranthus C. B. Clarke (fig. 123, photo 42)

22. ANNA Pellegr. (2 sp.)

22.1. Anna submontana Pellegr. (fig. 124, photo 43)

22.2. Anna mollifolia (W. T. Wang) W. T. Wang (fig. 125)

23. LOXOSTIGMA C. B. Clarke (5 sp.)

23.1. Loxostigma mekongense (Franch.) B. L. Burtt (fig. 126)

23.2. Loxostigma cavaleriei (Lévl. & Vaniot.) B. L. Burtt (fig. 127)

23.3. Loxostigma brevipetiolatum W. T. Wang & K. Y. Pan (fig. 128)

23.4. Loxostigma griffithii (Wight) C. B. Clarke (fig. 129, photo 44)

23.5. Loxostigma fimbrisepalum K. Y. Pan. (fig. 130, photo 45)

24. LYSIONOTUS D. Don (7 sp.)

24.1 Lysionotus chingii W. Y. Chun ex W. T. Wang (fig. 131, photo 46)

24.2. Lysionotus oblongifolius W. T. Wang (fig. 132)

24.3. Lysionotus denticulosus W. T. Wang (fig. 133)

24.4. Lysionotus petelotii Pellegr. (fig. 134, photo 48)

24.5. Lysionotus aeschynanthoides W. T. Wang (fig. 135)

24.6. Lysionotus pauciflorus Maxim. (fig. 136, photo 49)

24.7. Lysionotus serratus D. Don (fig. 137, photo 47)

Trib.4. CYRTANDREAE Blume (2 gen. 9 sp.)

25. RHYNCHOTECHUM Blume (3 sp.)

25.1. Rhynchotechum vestitum Wall. ex C. B. Clarke (fig. 138, photo 50)

25.2. Rhynchotechum ellipticum (Wall. ex D. Dietr) A. DC. (fig. 139, photo 51)

25.3. Rhynchotechum longipes W. T. Wang (fig. 140)

26. BILLOLIVIA D. J. Middleton (6 sp.)

26.1. Billolivia poilanei D. J. Meddleton & H. J. Atkins (fig. 141)

26.2. Billolivia minutiflora D. J. Middleton & H. J. Atkins (fig. 142)

26.3. Billolivia vietnamensis D. J. Middleton & Luu (fig. 143)

26.4. Billolivia moelleri D. J. Middleton (fig. 144)

26.5. Billolivia longipetiolata D. J. Middleton & Luu (fig. 145)

26.6. Billolivia violacea D. J. Middleton & Luu

Trib.5. KLUGIEAE Frisch (3 gen. 5 sp.)

27. EPITHEMA Blume (1 sp.)

27.1. Epithema carnosum Benth. (fig. 146)

28. RHYNCHOGLOSSUM Blume (1 sp.)

28.1. Rhynchoglossum obliquum Blume (fig. 147, photo 52)

29. STAURANTHERA Benth. (3 sp.)

29.1. Stauranthera umbrosa (Griff.) C. B. Clarke (fig. 148, photo 53)

29.2. Stauranthera caerulea (Blume) Merr. (fig. 149)

29.3. Stauranthera grandiflora Benth. (fig. 150)

Trib.6. COLUMNEAE Frisch (1 gen. 1 sp.)

30. EPISCIA Mart. (1 sp.)

30.1. Episcia cupreata (Hook.) Hanst. (fig. 151, photo 54)

A new record of genus and species

31. OPITHANDRA B. L. Burtt (1 sp.) (Trib. Didymocarpeae)

31.1. Opithandra dinghushanensis W. T. Wang

II. KEY TO THE GENERA OF GESNERIACEAE Dumort. IN VIETNAM

1A.	Disc ringlike or cup, rarely absent.
2A.	Flower perfect, stamens 5	(Trib.1. Ramondieae)  1. CONANDRON
2B.	Flower zygomorphic, stamens 2 or 4; staminodes 3 or 1.
3A.	Inflorescences cymes or umbelllike. Ovary pillar or linear, longer than calyx, rarely globose or ovoid, the top narrow into style. Leaves opposite or whorled; rarely base asymmetric.
4A.	Fruit capsular dehiscent by 2 or 4 valves.
5A.	Seeds without appendages as hair or appendages as awl at ends.	(Trib.2. Didymocarpeae).
6A.	Stamens 4, free or coherent couple or coherent 4 at the anther; staminodes 1.
7A.	Stamens 4, free; staminodes 1.
8A.	Leaves opposite or nearly alternate; corolla 2 lipped (2/3); adaxial lip 2 lobed, abaxial lip 3 lobed; tube distend at the base. (with hunch)	2. BOEICA
8B.	Leaves basal; corolla 2 lipped (2/3); tube non distend at the base. (without hunch)	3. OREOCHARIS
7B.	Stamens 4, coherent couple or coherent 4 at the anther.
9A.	Stamens 4, coherent couple at the anther. Leaves basal or along the stems.
​10A.	Stigma conspicuously 2 lobed.
11A.	Leaves basal. Inflorescences umbel-like; corolla tube distend at the base.	4. BRIGGSIA
11B.	Leaves alternate along the stems, asymmetric in the couple. Inflorescences cymes; corolla funnel, tube non distend at the base.	5. RAPHIOCARPUS
10B.	Stigma nearly entire, oblique undulate.	6. CATHAYANTHE
9B.	Stamens 4, coherent 4 at the anther. Leaves basal.	7. BECCARINDA
6B.	Stamens 2, free or coherent 4 at the anther; staminodes 3.
12A.	Fruit capsular, not twisted.
13A.	Bracts large into globose enclose at the base; fruit oblique in relation to pedicel.	8. HEMIBOEA
13B.	Bracts small, opposite, not into globose enclose at the base; fruit straight in relation to pedicel.
14A.	Ovary globose or broadly ovoid; filament adnate corolla tube near base; stament coherent or non coherent; corolla tube as long as limb.	9. PETROCOSMEA
14B.	Ovary cylindric or linear; filament adnate at middle or toward to the top of the corolla tube; stamens coherent; corolla tube longer limb.
15A.	Stigma usually with 2 lobed.
16A.	Anther dorsifixed; disc ring; capsular dehiscens by 2 or 4 valves.
17A.	Inflorescences umbell-ike; corolla lobed round or obtuse; rarely abaxial lip as twice adaxial lip.
18A.	Sepal connate at the base, sepal lobes without upto base	10. HENCKELIA
18B.	Sepal not connate at the base, sepal lobes upto base.
19A.	Plants usually stemless and leaves basal or plant with stem and leaves on the top.	11. PRIMULINA
19B.	Plant usually with stem and leaves opposite along the stem	12. MICROCHIRITA
17B.	Inflorescences cymces; corolla lobed acute; abaxial lip twice of adaxial lip.	13. LAGAROSOLEN
16B.	Anther balsifixed; disc cup; capsular dehiscens by 2 valves.	14. PSEUDOCHIRITA
15B.	Stigma 1.
20A.	Adaxial lip 2 or 4 lobed.
21A.	Corolla 2 lipped (4/1), adaxial 4 lobed, abaxial 1 lobed; bracts into globose enclose at the base.	15. CALCAREOBOEA
21B.	Corolla 2 lipped (2/3), adaxial 2 lobed, abaxial 3 lobed; bracts 2, opposite.	16. DIDYMOCARPUS
20B.	Adaxial lip 1, abaxial 3 lobed.	17. GYROCHEILOS
12B.	Fruit capsular, usually twisted.
22A.	Adaxial lip near as long as abaxial lip; inner abaxial lip without hair.
23A.	Leaf blade abaxially with velutinous as cobweb. Fruit capsular dehiscent by 4 valves	18. PARABOEA
23B.	Leaf blade abaxially without velutinous as cobweb. Fruit capsular dehiscent by 2 valves.	19. BOEA
22B.	Adaxial lip shorter than abaxial lip; inner abaxial lip with long hair	20. ORNITHOBOEA
5B.	Seeds with appendages as hair or appendages as awl at ends.	(Trib.3. Trichosporeae).
24A.	Stament 4, coherent couple or coherent 4 at the anther.
25A.	Stigma 1 or 2 very short lobed; seed without stalk.
26A.	Seed with appendahes as long hair at both ends; bract small, non into globose enclose at the base.	21. AESCHYNANTHUS
26B.	Seed with appendahes as short hair; bract large, into globose enclose at the base in bud.	22. ANNA
25B.	Stigma 2 long acute lobed; seed with stalk, short appendages at both ends.	23. LOXOSTIGMA
24B.	Stamens 2, coherent at the anther.	24. LYSIONOTUS
4B.	Fruit berry	(Trib.4. Cyrtandreae).
27A.	Stamens 4, non coherent; leaves opposite or whole.	25. RHYNCHOTECHUM
27B.	Stamens 2, coherent; leaves alternate.	26. BILLOLIVIA
3B.	Inflorescences many-flowered cymes. Ovary globose or ovoid, rarely longer than calyx, the top narrow sudden into style. Leaves opposite, asymmetric in couple or alternate; usually base asymmetric.	(Trib.5. Klugieae).
28A.	Leaves upper opposite; stamens 2, coherent.	27. EPITHEMA
28B.	Leaves upper alternate; stamens 2 or 4, coherent.
29A.	Corolla tube non distend at the base (without hunch); stamens 2 coherent.	28. RHYNCHOGLOSSUM
29B.	Corolla tube distend at the base (with hunch); stamens coherent 4.	29. STAURANTHERA
1B.	Disc non ringlike, with 1-2 large spot in abaxial, 1-3 small spot in adaxial (Trib.6. Columneae). Leaves opposite or whorled; calyx 5 divide, corolla 2 lipped 2/3, stamens 4; fruit capsular dehiscens by 2 valves (cultivate).	30. EPISCIA
	A new record of genus. Leaf few to many; basal; calyx 5-seet from base to deeply 5-lobed.	31. OPITHANDRA

 

 

III. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF GESNERIACEAE Dumort. IN VIETNAM

1. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CONANDRON IN VIETNAM

Flower perfect, stamens 5

1. C. ramondioides

2. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BOEICA IN VIETNAM

1A.	Inflorescens cymes, general peduncle 5-8 cm long, axil toward alternate.
2A.	Leaf margin rough serrate, irregular.	1. B. ferruginea
2B.	Leaf margin serrulate, regular.
3A.	Flower white-pink. Flower peduncle ca 0.8-2.5 mm long. Leaf blade obovate-elliptic, ca. 4.5-18 × 3.5-6.5 cm.	2. B. porosa
3B.	Flower bluish or turquoise. Flower peduncle ca. 10-20 mm long. Leaf blade broadly elliptic-ovate, ca. 3.5-10 × 2.8-5.5 cm.	3. B. stolonifera
1B.	Inflorescens cymes, general peduncle very short or near sessile into whorle-like at the axil. Peduncle 5-7 mm long.	4. B. confertiflora

3. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF OREOCHARIS IN VIETNAM

1A.	Corolla yellow, ca. 1.5-2.2 cm long; adaxial lip 3-4 mm long; leaves lanceolata-ovoid, ca 5-15 × 3.5-8 cm.	1. O. aurea 1a. O. aurea var. cordato-ovata
1B.	Corolla purple-red, ca. 1.6-2.8 cm long; adaxial lip 4-10 mm long; leaves ellip-obovoid, ca 2-12 × 1-5 cm.	2. O. auricula

4. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BRIGGSIA IN VIETNAM

Leaves basal. Inflorescens umbel-like, corolla tube distand at the base.

1. B. dongxingensis

5. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF RAPHIOCARPUS IN VIETNAM

1A.	Calyx free, lobed split into base or near base.
2A.	Calyx glabous.
3A.	Peduncle ca. 5 cm long or more; corolla light-green, 3-4 cm long	1. R. annamensis
3B.	Peduncle very short, under 1 cm long; corolla light-blue or light-red, 12-15 cm long.	2. R. sinicus
2B.	Calyx pubescent.
4A.	Bract 1.5-2.5 cm long; corolla light-violet, dark-violet, lilac, with dark-violet line inner.	3. R. begoniifolia
4B.	Bract under 1 cm long; corolla light-yellow, orange-red or white.
5A.	Ovary glabrous.
6A.	Peduncle 10-20 cm long; corolla light yellow, ca. 2.5-3 cm long; fruit ca. 6-7 cm long	4. R. asper
6B.	Peduncle 1.5-4.5 cm long; corolla orange-red, ca. 6-7 cm long; fruit ca. 3-5 cm long.	5. R. macrosiphon
5B.	Ovary pubescent.
7A.	Inflorescence only with 1 flower, peduncle ca. 3-5 cm long; corolla light yellow, ca. 3-4 cm long.	6. R. tamdaoensis
7B.	Inflorescence with 3-5 flower, peduncle ca. 7-9 cm long; corolla white with violet line inner, ca. 4-5 cm long.	7. R. evrardii
1B.	Calyx conate at the base.
8A.	Leaves hairy; calyx campanulate, ca. 15 mm long, segment ca. 5 mm long; corolla light-yellow, ca 3.5-4.5 cm long.	8. R. petelotii
8B.	Leaves glabrous; calyx cup, ca. 6-9 mm long, segment ca. 3 mm long; corolla white, ca 2.5-3 cm long.	9. R. clemensia

6. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CATHAYANTHE IN VIETNAM

Stigma nearly entire, oblique undulate.

1. C. biflora

7. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BECCARINDA IN VIETNAM

1A.	Plants with stems 10-20 cm long. Leaves crowded near stem apex, elliptic to ovoid, acute or round at the base, with purple-red hair.	1. B. erythrotricha
1B.	Plants stemless. Leaves basal, ovoid to round, cordate at the base, with white to yellow hair	2. B. tonkinensis

8. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF HEMIBOEA IN VIETNAM

1A.	Flower small, under 1.5 cm long; fruit capsular with hair at the top.	1. H. poilanei
1B.	Flower large, longer 3 cm; fruit capsular without hair at the top.	2. B. tonkinensis
2A.	Calyx lobed under 12 mm long.
3A.	Calyx lobed 6-12 mm wide; pistil 3-4 cm long.	2. H. subcapitata
3B.	Calyx lobed 5-7 mm wide; pistil 1.5-2.5 cm long.	3. H. cavaleriei
2A.	Calyx lobed over 12 mm long.
4A.	Calyx lobed 18-20 mm long; corolla glabescent in outter.	4. H. longisepala
4B.	Calyx lobed 12-15 mm long; corolla pubescent in outter.	5. H. rubribracteata

9. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PETROCOSMEA IN VIETNAM

1A.	Adaxial lip spilit deep 2 lobed, at least to 1/3 lobed long; leaf blade round or broadly-ovoid.
2A.	Filament puberulent; anther kidney-shaped, puberulent; leaf blade round or nearly round.	1. P. condorensis
2B.	Filament hair; anther ovoid, hair; leaf blade broadly-ovoid or nearly round.	2. P. duclouxii
1B.	Adaxial lip entire or indistinctly 2 lobed; leaf blade rhombic, elliptic or ovoid.	3. P. minor

10. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF HENCKELIA IN VIETNAM

1A.	Plants stemless; leaves basal.
2A.	Inflorescence with 1-3 flowers; filament hair.	1. H. ceratoscyphus
2B.	Inflorescens more than 3 flowers; filament glabrous.	2. H. speciosa
1B.	Plants with stem; leaves opposite along the stem.
3A.	Inflorescence usually with 1-3 flowers.
4A.	Bract more than 5 mm long; filament glabrous.	3. H. anachoreta
4B.	Bract under 5 mm long; filament hair.	4. H. fruticola
3B.	Inflorescence more than 3 flowers.
5A.	Corolla white or yellow; filament glabrous, ovary hairy.	5. H. grandifolia
5B.	Corolla purple-violet; filament hair, ovary glabrous.	6. H. pumila

11. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PRIMULINA IN VIETNAM

1A.	Plant usually stemless or short stem, leaf basal.
2A.	Sepal under 5 mm long.
3A.	lnflorescence having less than three flowers.
4A.	Leaf short villous in 2 surface; corolla white with violet spot, ca. 16-18 mm long; filament hair.	1. P. gemella
4B.	Leaf long villous in 2 surface; corolla light violet, ca. 25-30 mm long; filament glabrous	2. P. villosissima
3B.	Inflorescence having more than 3 flower.
5A.	Bract under 2 mm long; sepal lobed under 2 mm long; corolla 6-10 mm long, white-pale green	3. P. modesta
5B.	Bract more than 2 mm long; sepal lobed more than 2 mm long; corolla more than 10 mm long, white or purpure.
6A.	Bract ca. 4 mm long; sepal lobed ca. 4-4.5 mm long; corolla 10-12 mm long, white	4. P. cycnostyla
6B.	Bract ca. 3 mm long; sepal lobed ca. 4.5-5 mm long; corolla 10-17 mm long, purpure	5. P. laxiflora
2B.	Sepal more than 5 mm long.
7A.	Bract more than 6 mm long.
8A.	Bract under 15 mm long.
9A.	Bract 2-3 mm long; sepal 3.5-5.4 mm long; corolla violet.	6. P. cordifolia
9B.	Bract 10-15 mm long; sepal under 10 mm long; corolla white or violet.
10A.	Bract 10-15 × 4-8 mm; sepal 5-9 mm long; corolla white or pink, ca. 3.0-3.5 cm long; leaves obovate to lanceolate, ca. 12-15 × 3-4 cm.	7. P. balansae
10B.	Bract 6-14 × 2-5 mm; sepal 6-10 mm long; corolla violet, ca. 3.6-4.2 cm long' leaves broad ovate or elliptic, ca. 7-20 × 3-9 cm.	8. P. colaniae
8B.	Bract more than 15 mm long.
11A.	Leaves line-lanceolata, ca. under 2 cm wide; inflorescent 2-3 flowers; bract under 3,5 mm wide, sepal 10-12 mm long.	9. P. wentsaii
11B.	Leaves elliptic-oblanceolate or ovate-obovate, more than 2 cm wide; inflorescence more than 3 flowers; bract more than 8 mm wide, sepal under 10 mm long.
12A.	Adaxial leaf with small red spot; sepal lobes under 7 mm long.	10. P. minutimaculata
12B.	Adaxial leaf without small red spot; sepal lobes longer than 7 mm long.
13A.	Leaf margin and bract margin entire; peduncle flower 20-25 mm long	11. P. eburnea
13B.	Leaf margin and bract margin dentate; peduncle flower 6-11 mm long.	12. P. lungzhouensis
7B.	Bract under 6 mm long.
14A.	Bract broad elliptic, ca. 2-5 × 0.8-1 mm; inflorescence more than 3 flower; fruit ca. 20-25 mm long.	13. P. swinglei
14B.	Bract ovate, cordate or narrow elliptic, ca. under 10 cm long; inflorescens under 3 flower; fruit more than 30 mm long.
15A.	Leaves ovate or cordate, ca. 3-7 × 1.8-5 cm; bract 2-3 mm long, sepal 8-10 × 0.8-1.5 mm; Filament glabrous; fruit ca. 35-40 mm long.	14. P. annamensis
15B.	Leaves narrow elliptic, ca. 1-10 × 1.0-2.2 cm; bract 5-6 mm long, sepal ca. 10-15 × 1-3 mm; filament hair; fruit ca. 50-60 mm long.	15. P. poilanei
1B.	Plant have stem on the ground; leaf near gather on the top.
16A.	Sepal more than 5 mm long; corolla more than 20 mm long.
17A.	Inflorescent 1-2 flower; bract ca. more than 20 mm long; fruit ca. 40-50 mm long.	16. P. drakei
17B.	Inflorescent more than 2 flower; bract ca. under 20 mm long; fruit ca. under 5 cm long.
18A.	Sepal lobes more than 10 mm long.
19A.	Leaf ovate-elliptic, ca. 2-8 × 1.5-4 cm; inflorescent 3-5 flowers; bract 10-12 mm long; sepal 10-12 mm long.	17. P. minutihamata
19B.	Leaf peltate-round, ca. 4 × 3 cm; inflorescence 4-6(9) flowers; bract 15-20 mm long; sepal 12-15 mm long.	18. P. tamaiana
18B.17A.	Sepal lobes under 10 mm long.
20A.	Stem internode under 5 mm long; leaves elliptic, ca. 3-6 × 1.2-2.5 cm, inflorescence 5-15 flowers, bract 5-6 mm long; fruit 25-30 mm long.	19. P. eberhardtii
20B.	Stem internode 5-20 mm long; leaves narrow elliptic- narrow lanceolata, ca. 5-16 × 1-3 cm, inflorescent 2-15 flowers, bract 4-20 mm long; fruit 16-25 mm long.	20. P. longgangensis
16B.	Sepal under 5 mm long; corolla under 20 mm long.
21A.	Leaves elliptic, ca. 3-6 × 2-4 cm; bract 2-3 mm long; sepal 2 mm long, caducous; fruit ca. 1.5-2.5 cm long.	21. P. semicontorta
21B.	Leaves broad elliptic, obovate or lanceolate, more than 6 cm long; bract more than 5 mm long; sepal persistent in the fruit.
22A.	Leaves broad elliptic or obovate; ca. 6-14 × 1-3 cm, near glabrous in 2 suefaces; corolla 10-15 mm long; filament glabrous; fruit ca. 30-40 mm long	22. P. halongensis
22B.	Leaves lanceolate or obovate, ca. 7-9 × 3-4 cm, densely hair in 2 surfaces; corolla 8-12 mm long; filament hair; fruit ca. 10-15 mm long.	23. P. hiepii

12. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MICROCHIRITA IN VIETNAM

1A.	Inflorescens in petiole, inflorescens sessile (1-2 mm).
2A.	Inflorescence at the petiole toward lamina, corolla ca. 10-18 mm long.	1. M. hamosa
2B.	Inflorescence at the petiole toward stem, corolla ca. 20-28 mm long.	2. M. aratriformis
1B.	Inflorescence in terminal or axillary, inflorescens with peduncle.	3. P. minor
3A.	Inflorescence under 5 flower; corolla ca. 15-20 mm long; ovary puberulent.	3. M. involucrata
3B.	Inflorescence more than 5 flower; corolla ca. 30-35 mm long; ovary hair.	4. M. lavandulacea

13. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LAGAROSOLEN IN VIETNAM

Inflorescence cymes; corolla lobed acute; abaxial lip as twice adaxial lip.

1. L. hispidus

14. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PSEUDOCHIRITA IN VIETNAM

Anther balsifixed; disc cup; capsular dehiscens by 2 valves.

1. P. guangxiensis

15. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CALCAREOBOEA IN VIETNAM

Corolla 2 lipped (4/1), adaxial 4 lobed, abaxial 1 lobed; bracts into globose enclosed at the base.

1. C. coccinea

16. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF DIDYMOCARPUS IN VIETNAM

1A.	Sepal actinomorphic, 5-sect from base; filament with glandular hair.	1. D. bonii
1B.	Sepal zygomorphic, 5-lobed into 2 lips, 3/2, filament glabrous.	1. M. hamosa
2A.	Ovary glabrous.
3A.	Corolla outter hair.	2. D. pulcher
3B.	Corolla outer glabrous.
4A.	Leaf blade near round or broadlly elliptic, ca. 1-4.5 × 1-4 cm; round or obtuse at the apex; corolla 2 cm long.	3. D. kerrii
4B.	Leaf blade lanceolate or ovate-oblong, ca. 2-6 × 1.5-2.5 cm; apex acute, oblique cordate at base; corolla 2.5-3 cm long	4. D. nanophyton
2B.	Ovary hair.
5A.	Bract lanceolate, ca. 3 mm long; sepal tube ca. 3 mm long, sepal lobed ca. 1-1,5 mm long.	5. D. poilanei
5B.	Bract elliptic or ovate, ca. 3-8 mm long; sepal tube ca. 8-9 mm long, sepal lobed ca. 2-3 mm long.	6. D. purpureobracteatus

17. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF GYROCHEILOS IN VIETNAM

Adaxial lip 1, abaxial 3 lobed.

1. G. chorisepalus

18. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PARABOEA IN VIETNAM

1A.	Fruit capsular, swist when ripe, more than 10 mm long.
2A.	Inflorescence panicle in axillary near stem apex, usually short.
3A.	Bract and leaf are the same.
4A.	Plant stemless, leaf along the stem; inflorescens in axillary near stem apex; corolla ca 6-7 mm long.	1. P. swinhoei
4B.	Plant nearly stemless, leaf basal; inflorescence in axillary near the base; corolla ca 10-20 mm long.	2. P. glutinosa
3B.	Bract under 1/2 leaf in the long.
5A.	Petiole with 2 wings; sepal ca. 1-1.5 mm long; corolla ca. 6-7 mm long.	3. P. thorelii
5B.	Petiole without 2 wings; sepal ca. 2-3 mm long; corolla ca. 10-15 mm long.	4. P. martinii
2B.	Inflorescence cymes nearly umbel-like in axillary.
6A.	Bract inflorescence large, embrace inflorescens in young step.
7A.	Bract puberulent; sepal ca. 10-15 mm long; corolla ca. 15-20 mm long	5. P. sinensis
7B.	Bract hair; sepal under 10 mm long; corolla under 15 mm long.
8A.	The top of tree decrease when have flower; inflorescence umbel-like; corolla pink to violet, ca. 8-10 mm long; fruit ca. 4-6 cm long.	6. P. umbellata
8B.	The top of tree non decrease when have flower; inflorescence head-like; corolla violet to green, ca. 10-12 mm long; fruit ca. 3-4 cm long.	7. P. rufescens
6B.	Bract inflorescence small, non embrace inflorescence in young step.
9A.	Ovary and fruit glandular, glandular hair or villous.
10A.	Adaxial leaf hair, corolla violet to green, ca. 8-10 mm long, outer puberulent.	8. P. evrardii
10B.	Adaxial leaf hair, corolla white, ca. 4-5 mm long, outer hair	9. P. multiflora
9B.	Ovary and fruit glabrous.
11A.	Leaf basal; inflorescens cymes at base.
12A.	Peduncle of inflorescence longer than petiole; bract ca. 5-13 mm long; corolla ca. 12-15 mm long, purple-red; fruit capsular ca. 3-6 cm long.	10. P. dictyoneura
12B.	Peduncle of inflorescence and petiole nearly the same; bract ca. 1-1,5 mm long; corolla ca. 10-12 mm long, purple-red; fruit capsular ca. 1.5-2.5 cm long.	11. P. neurophylla
11B.	Leaf alternate along the stem; inflorescence cymes at axillary near stem apex.
13A.	Petiole ca. 10-14 cm long; inflorescence upto 50 cm long; peduncle inflorescence upto 30 cm long. Fruit ca. 3-5 cm long.	12. P. graniticola
13B.	Petiole under 8 cm long; inflorescence under 50 cm long; peduncle inflorescence under 30 cm long. Fruit under 3 cm long.
14A.	Corolla red to light violet, more than 10 mm long.	13. P. pubicorolla
14B.	Corolla violet, green or white, under 10 mm long.
15A.	Adaxial leaf puberulent; inflorescence more than 20 cm long; corolla green, ca. 8-10 mm long; fruit ca. 3.5-4 cm long.	14. P. harroviana
15B.	Adaxial leaf hair; inflorescence under 20 cm long; fruit under 3 mm long.
16A.	Petiole ca. 20-50 mm long, sepal ca. 2-3 mm long; corolla violet, ca. 6-7 mm long; fruit ca. 15-25 mm long.	15. P. cochinchinensis
16B.	Petiole ca. 10-20 mm long, sepal ca. 1-2 mm long; corolla violet, ca. 7-8 mm long; fruit ca. 10-20 mm long.	16. P. halongensis
1B.	Fruit capsular, non swist when ripe.
17A.	Adaxial leaves tomentose; capsular with small spots.	17. P. regularis
17B.	Adaxial leaves glabrous or scatter tomentose like cobweb.
18A.	Leaves with base oblong or cunate; bract more than 5 mm long; staminoid 3; style 13 mm long.	18. P. nutans
18B.	Leaves with base peltate, sagittite or near round; bract under 4 mm long; staminoid 1-2; style under 12 mm long.
19A.	Leaves ca. 5-30 × 3-12 cm; margin dentate, orolla light violet, ca. 10 mm long; fruit 5-11 mm long.	19. P. filipes
19B.	Leaves ca. 1-5 × 0.3-2.2 cm; margin entire, corolla white or light violet, ca. 12-15 mm long; fruit 10-30 mm long.	20. P. peltifolia

19. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BOEA IN VIETNAM

1A.	Petiole ca. 3-10 cm long; sepal spilit untill 1/2 long of the sepal; corolla ca. 14-22 mm long.	1. B. clarkeana
1B.	Petiole nearly sessile; sepal spilit untill base; corolla ca. 7-10 mm long.	2. B. philippensis

20. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ORNITHOBOEA IN VIETNAM

1A.	Fillament vertical or zigzag, non divide into 2, without tumour in branch; corolla dark green or light green.
2A.	Petiole under 9 cm long; inflorescent more than 5 cm long; corolla more than 11 mm long; fillament 1.7-3.8 mm long, fruit twisted.	1. O. feddei
2B.	Petiole more than 10 cm long; inflorescent ca. 3-5 cm long; corolla under 11 mm long; fillament 1.5-2 mm long, fruit non twisted.	2. O. obovata
1B.	Fillament curve, divide into 2, one branch with anther, the other with tumour; corolla violet, purpure or green-violet.
3A.	Corolla 14-16 mm long, violet; fillament 1.4-1.5 mm long, anther densely tomentose.	3. O. emarginata
3B.	Corolla more than 16 mm long; filament under 1.4 mm long, anther glabrous or scatter tomentose.
4A.	Corolla ca. 16-17 mm long; corolla tube ca. 7-8 mm long, filament 1-1.3 mm long; fruit 18-20 mm long; style not exist in fruit.	4. O. calcicola
4B.	Corolla more than 17 mm long; corolla tube more than 8 mm long, filament under 1 mm long; fruit under 18 mm long; style exist in fruit.
5A.	Corolla ca. 20-25 mm long, pink-red; 2 lips 2/3, under lip 3 lobes, middle lobe over 2 other lip; fillament ca. 0.3-0.7 mm long.	5. O. lacei
5B.	Corolla ca. 17-18 mm long, green-purpure; 2 lips 2/3, under lip 3 lobes, middle lobe not over 2 other lip; fillament ca. 0.7-1 mm long.	6. O. wildeana

21. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF AESCHYNANTHUS IN VIETNAM

1A.	Corolla tube inner with 5 bundle hair in base of filament; seed with one hair at one end, 2-many long hair at the orther.
2A.	Calyx and corolla nearly the same, sometimes sepal longer than corolla.	1. A. mendumiae
2B.	Calyx shorter than corolla.
3A.	Seed with two hairs at one end, one hair at the orther.
4A.	Inflorescence cymes, 1-7 flowers; corolla ca. 25-35 mm long, outer hair.	2. A. parviflorus
4B.	Inflorescence umbel-like, more than 7 flowers; corolla ca. 20-25 mm long, outer glabrous.	3. A. parasiticus
3B.	Seed with many hairs at one end, one hair at the orther.
5A.	Calyx and corolla glabrous in outer; corolla green-light yellow or green with light-red at the lobes, ca. 25-30 mm long; seed with 20-30 hair at one end, one hair at the orther.	4. A. membranifolius
5B.	Calyx and corolla puberulent and glandular hair in outer; corolla red or orange, ca. 18-20 mm long; seed with 50 hair at one end, one hair at the orther.	5. A. poilanei
1B.	Corolla tube inner without 5 bundle hair in base of filament; seed with only one long hair at one ends.
6A.	Calyx cylindric or funnel-like, tube longer than lobed.
7A.	Inflorescence cymes, 1-2 flowers; filament shorter than corolla or sometime filament longer litter than corolla.	6. A. pulcher
7B.	Inflorescence cymes, more than 2 flowers; filament usually longer than corrolla.
8A.	Calyx red, ca. 4-5 mm long; sepal segment ca. 2-2.1 mm long.	7. A. humilis
8B.	Calyx green or green-yellow, ca. 10-20 mm long; sepal sement ca. 2-6 mm long.
9A.	Calyx ca. 10-20 mm long, segment ca. 2-6 mm long.	8. A. fulgens
9B.	Calyx ca. 28-35 mm long, segment ca. 8-11 mm long.	9. A. jouyi
6B.	Calyx free, lobed split at the base, if adnate calyx tube shorter than lobed.
10A.	Stem and leaf puberulent; corolla white, stamens 4, coherent at the anther.	10. A. chiritoides
10B.	Stem and leaf glabrous; corolla non white, stamens 4, coherent couple at the anther.
11A.	Bract persistent when flower open.
12A.	Bract more than 15 mm long; corolla usually more than 37 mm long.
13A.	Bract ca. 15-30 mm long; peduncle ca. 50-70 mm; corolla 25-40 mm.	11. A. bracteatus
13B.	Bract ca. 35-55 mm; peduncle ca. 10-40 mm; corolla 55-85 mm.	12. A. superbus
12B.	Bract under 15 mm long; corolla usually shorter than 37 mm long.
14A.	Bract more than 10 mm long.
15A.	Calyx ca. 3-5 mm long, segment obtuse at the apex.	13. A. moningeriae
15B.	Calyx ca. 8.5-11.5 mm long, segment acute at the apex.	14. A. pedunculatus
14B.	Bract shorter than 10 mm long.
16A.	Inflorescence with 1 flower; peduncle near sessile; corolla red.	15. A. buxifolius
16B.	Inflorescence 2-5 flower; peduncle more than 2 cm long; corolla green-yellow to green-red.	16. A. acuminatus
11B.	Bract caducous when flower open.
17A.	Adaxial leaf light puberulent when dry; corolla ca. 25-30 mm long, fruit ca. 6-8 cm long.	17. A. acuminatissimus
17B.	Adaxial leaf creasy when dry; corolla ca. 18-20 mm long, fruit ca. 10-15 cm long.	18. A. micranthus

22. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ANNA IN VIETNAM

1A.	Peduncle ca. 6-8 cm long, glabrous; leaves blade glabrous; sepal lobed obovate or ob-lanceolate, ca. 10 × 2.4 mm. Corolla 3-4 cm long; style 1.5 cm long.	1. A. submontana
1B.	Peduncle ca. 1,2-2,2 cm long, hair; leaves blade densely hair; sepal lobed obovate ca. 10-12 × 4-6 mm. Corolla 4-5 cm long; style 2.5 cm long.	2. A. mollifolia

23. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LOXOSTIGMA IN VIETNAM

1A.	Bract entire; style hair; leaf leathery, abaxial hair.	1. B. clarkeana
2A.	Stem hair; leaf hair; peduncle under 8 cm long. Corolla white, red.	2. B. philippensis
3A.	Bract ovate-oblong; peduncle ca. 5-7.5 cm long; sepal lobed serrate; corolla ca. 3.5-4 cm long, white to dark red; ovary puberulent.	1. L. mekongense
3B.	Bract line; peduncle ca. 1-5 cm long; sepal lobed entire; corolla ca. 2.5-3 cm long, pink to white; ovary hair.	2. L. cavaleriei
2B.	Stem nearly glabrous; adaxial leaf glabrous; peduncle ca. 14-16 cm long. Corolla purple red .	3. L. brevipetiolatum
1B.	Bract undulate or serrate; style glabrous; leaf papery, abaxial glabrous.
4A.	Stem densely hair; corolla ca. 3-4.2 cm long, yellow-red. Fruit ca. 6-10 cm long.	4. L. griffithii
4B.	Stem nearly glabrous; corolla ca. 4.2-4.8 cm long, white-green. Fruit ca. 5-6 cm long.	5. L. fimbrisepalum

24. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LYSIONOTUS IN VIETNAM

1A.	Sepal connate, sepal lobed 1/4 sepal. Inflorescens only 1 flower in axilary. Leaf entire.	1. L. chingii
1B.	Sepal nearly free, lobed split into base. Inflorescence 2-many flowers. Leaf serrate or undulate.
2A.	Seed appendages ca. 0.1-0.25 mm long.
3A.	Margin of leaves undulate or non conspicuous minute dentate; peduncle of inflorescent 0.2-1 cm long; sepal 5-7 mm long long; corolla 1.8-2 cm long, inner glabrous	2. L. oblongifolius
3B.	Margin of leaves minute dentate; peduncle of inflorescent 1-3(-9) cm long; sepal 3-5 mm long; corolla 1.5-1.7 cm long, inner scatter tomentose.	3. L. denticulosus
2B.	Seed appendages more than 0.5 mm long;
4A.	Anther connective appendages hornlike.
5A.	Sepal lobe ca. 10-14 mm long; corolla ca. 5-6 cm long; staminoid ca. 5-6 mm long.	4. L. petelotii
5B.	Sepal lobe ca. 6-9 mm long; corolla ca. 1-2 cm long; staminoid ca. 2-3mm long.	5. L. aeschynanthoides
4B.	Anther connective appendages hornlike.
6A.	Leaf blade like leather, ca. 1.5-6 × 0.8-2 cm, bract line- narrow ovate, ca. 0.4-1 mm wide; corolla glabrous in outter.	6. L. pauciflorus
6B.	Leaf blade like paper, ca. 4-14 × 2-5 cm, bract ovate- round, ca. 4-8 mm wide; corolla scatter tomentosa in outter.	7. L. serratus

25. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF RHYNCHOTECHUM IN VIETNAM

1A.	Plant (stem, petiole, peduncle, outer sepal) strong pubescent, densely yellow; peduncle ca. 0.8-1.5(-2.4) cm long.	1. R. vestitum
1B.	Plant (stem, petiole, peduncle, outer sepal) villous, short or long brown, rust; peduncle ca. 2-7 cm long.
2A.	Pistil and fruit glabrous; inflorescence many flowered (30-70 flowers); peduncle ca. 2-4 cm long; corolla light pink, rare white.	2. R. ellipticum
2B.	Pistil and fruit hair; inflorescence few flowered (10-30 flowers); peduncle ca. 3.5-7 cm long; corolla white.	3. R. longipes

26. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BILLOLIVIA IN VIETNAM

1A.	Calyx divided up to base; leaf blade minutely dentate or nearly entire; corolla under 25 mm long, tube under 18 mm long; corolla lobes white or white with purple veining at base, tips white (unknown in B. poilanei).
2A.	Calyx lobes > 4 mm wide.	1. B. poilanei
2B.	Calyx lobes < 2.5 mm wide.
3A.	Leaf abaxially with hair only on veins or occasional hair in blade; corolla 12-15 mm long, ovary glabrous.	2. B. minutiflora
3B.	Leaf abaxially with pubescence throughout; corolla 18-25 mm long, ovary pubescent at apex.	3. B. vietnamensis
1B.	Calyx cannate into a tube at the base for at least 4 mm, 5 lobed; leaf blade minutely or conspicuously dentate; corolla longer than 25 mm, tube longer than 20 mm long, corolla lobes white at base, tips pink, red or violet.
4A.	Corolla ca. 25 mm long, tube 14-15 mm long, throat white with purple lines in tube upto upper lips, yellown lines in tube upto lower lips.	4. B. moelleri
4B.	Corolla ca. 25-36 mm long, tube 20-28 mm long, throat white without purple lines and yellown lines in tube upto lower lips.
5A.	Calyx connate into a tube ca. 7-9 mm long; corolla lobe tips pink or red; margins of leaf coarsely dentate; petioles 9-18 cm long.	5. B. longipetiolata
5B.	Calyx connate into a tube ca. 4-6 mm long; corolla lobe tips violet; margins of leaf minutely dentate or near entire, petiole 6-12.5 cm long.	6. B. violacea

27. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF EPITHEMA IN VIETNAM

Leaves upper opposite; stamens 2, coherent.

1. E. carnosum

28. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF RHYNCHOGLOSSUM IN VIETNAM

Corolla tube non distend at the base (without hench); stamens 2, coherent.

1. R. obliquum

29. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF STAURANTHERA IN VIETNAM

1A.	Flower small; corolla short, under 10 mm long, without spurred at the base.
2A.	Inflorescences terminal, ca. 8-15 cm long; corolla 8-10 mm long; margin of leaves shadow serrate or undulate	1. S. umbrosa
2B.	Inflorescences axilary, ca. 2-3 cm long; corolla 5-7 mm long; margin of leaves entire or serrate	2. S. caerulea
1B.	Flower large; corolla 20-25 mm long, with spurred at the base.	3. S. grandiflora

30. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF EPISCIA IN VIETNAM

Leaves opposite or whorledl; calyx 5 divide, corolla 2 lipped 2/3, stamens 4; fruit capsular dehiscents by 2 valves (cultivate).

1. E. cupreata

31. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF OPITHANDRA IN VIETNAM

Leaf few to many, basal; calyx 5-sect from base to deeply 5-lobed.

1. O. dinghushanensis

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO

 

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LỜI NÓI ĐẦU

Động vật chí và Thực vật chí là những tài liệu cơ bản về khu hệ động vật, thực vật, nguồn lợi sinh vật của mỗi nước, được coi như tài liệu chính thống, để sử dụng vào nghiên cứu, giảng dạy, khai thác và bảo vệ nguồn lợi sinh vật, tính đa dạng sinh học của nước đó. Đây cũng là kết quả của cả quá trình hoạt động điều tra khảo sát, nghiên cứu về khu hệ động vật, thực vật, được tổng hợp, thẩm định và công bố.

Nhằm đáp ứng yêu cầu phát triển kinh tế xã hội, khoa học công nghệ nước ta trong giai đoạn mới, Trung tâm Khoa học tự nhiên và Công nghệ Quốc gia (nay là Viện Hàn lâm Khoa học và Công nghệ Việt Nam) đã giao cho Viện Sinh thái và Tài nguyên sinh vật chủ trì, tập hợp một lực lượng đông đảo cán bộ khoa học trong cả nước, soạn thảo và công bố lần lượt từ năm 1996 tới năm 2007 được 25 tập Động vật chí và 11 tập Thực vật chí Việt Nam do Nhà xuất bản Khoa học và Kỹ thuật phát hành.

Cụm công trình Động vật chí và Thực vật chí Việt Nam cùng với Sách Đỏ và Danh lục Đỏ Việt Nam trong các giai đoạn này đã vinh dự được nhận Giải thưởng Hồ Chí Minh
về khoa học và công nghệ năm 2012 và Trung tâm Sách kỷ lục Việt Nam cấp giấy xác lập kỷ lục là bộ sách nhiều tập nhất.

Các tài liệu đã xuất bản, tuy chất lượng về nội dung và hình thức còn tiếp tục phải hoàn thiện, song đã đáp ứng được một phần yêu cầu bức thiết của hoạt động nghiên cứu, sản xuất, bảo vệ tài nguyên, đa dạng sinh vật và môi trường ở nước ta hiện nay.

Việc biên soạn và xuất bản tiếp tục các tập Động vật chí, Thực vật chí Việt Nam đã được Nhà nước giao cho Viện Hàn lâm Khoa học và Công nghệ Việt Nam, và Viện Sinh thái và Tài nguyên sinh vật vẫn với trách nhiệm là cơ quan chủ trì, dưới hình thức một đề tài độc lập cấp Nhà nước trong giai đoạn 2008-2010 mang mã số ĐTĐL-2008G/3.

Ấn phẩm này được xuất bản là nhờ hoạt động của đề tài Nhà nước nói trên, song nó là kết quả của sự tích luỹ tư liệu hàng chục năm và kế thừa các kết quả, kinh nghiệm biên soạn, biên tập của giai đoạn 1996-2005. Trong tập sách này, chúng tôi đã trích dẫn nhiều tài liệu khoa học có liên quan do các tác giả, đồng nghiệp đã công bố. Ban chủ nhiệm đề tài và tác giả tập sách này xin chân thành cảm ơn các nhà khoa học và các tác giả trong và ngoài nước đã giúp đỡ và thông cảm. Hy vọng rằng các tập sách về Động vật chí, Thực vật chí Việt Nam được xuất bản sẽ đáp ứng được mong mỏi của giới khoa học và của toàn xã hội.

 

BAN CHỦ NHIỆM ĐỀ TÀI